DrumBeat: June 15, 2006
Posted by threadbot on June 15, 2006 - 9:35am
The US Energy department thinks that the state is sitting on about a trillion barrels worth of oil, as much as the rest of the world's conventional oil reserves added together.Trouble is, it's not quite ready to be extracted yet.
...If it was allowed to sit tight, a few more million years of heat and pressure would transform it into liquid pools ready to be drilled.
And RigZone has this article about the political ramifications of peak oil: Global Energy Crisis Cooks to Surface:
The growing scarcity of oil and natural gas has provoked worldwide political conflict and a mad rush for renewable resources.Update [2006-6-15 10:25:24 by Leanan]: The American Chemical Society is excited about new developments in cellulosic ethanol. Genetically engineered organisms are being used to break down the cellulose.Like a volcano before it erupts, the crisis has heated up for decades, out of sight of oil-heated homes and petrol-powered cars.
But the signs of trouble are now evident, and not only at the pump, where $70-a-barrel prices eat into the pocketbook.
There there's always conservation: Father of energy efficiency to get Fermi Award. Interesting article because it suggests we aren't likely to make the same kind of gains we made during the last energy crisis. The lowest fruit is already plucked:
[In the 1970s] new refrigerators, which had consumed 400 kilowatt-hours a year on average in 1959, were consuming 800 kilowatt-hours a year. To gain extra storage space, manufacturers removed insulation and gunned the refrigeration motor.Update [2006-6-15 11:15:37 by Leanan]: On the political front: Former NYC mayer and possible presidential candidate Rudy Giuliania is criticizing fellow Republicans for not having an energy policy. His plan involves hybrid cars and easier permits for nuclear power plants, oil refineries, and gas terminals.
Meanwhile, Danny Williams, the "Chavez of Canada," is more popular than ever for standing up to big oil.
And World Energy Source is offering free video through its World Energy TV page.
Since 2001, WETV has been the leading source for an inside view of the energy industry. Frank exchanges between authorities such as Qatar's ministry of energy & industry, HE Abdulla bin Hamad Al-Attiya, Thomas E. Capps of Dominion and Simmons & Co., International's Matt Simmons have addressed a wide variety of hot topics--America's need for meaningful energy policy, the quest to balance economic and environmental interests, Americans' declining trust in high-ranking corporate executives, and other issues.Free registration is required.
www.tradearabia.com/tanews/newsdetails_snOGN_article106704_cnt.html
Is Arabia in decline?
This article reforce the Simmons Theory.
http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/kirby/2006/0614.html
Which I guess implies that the Peak Oilers on this blog are part of the conspiracy too.
There are probably many people trying to keep the dollar in one piece.
Does history have examples of "huge treasures" be it nat rescources, gold, silver, or oil with it never being leaked?
I'll bet on greed here twice.
Would Oil co's be exploring, finding and developing oil in warm countries that have a weak military vrs the artic cold? ROI? Seems too obvious...IMO, These poor southern countries wouldn't like some cash? I think it is unlikely that there are huge reserves of oil waiting to be found
Who said "Look at what oil companies do not what they say" wasn't it Deffes?
Pumping up gold - Just what do these guys own or have $ invested in?
On the otherhand I have some pre WWll German marks (paper)
from my wifes grandmother. They changed in value so quickly that they didn't bother to reprint. They would just use a rubber stamp of all things to "double" the value(seriously). Looks absurd with a "rubber stamp" on it.
Although there are rumours there is a North Sea size field in the Great South Basin (google for it) to the southeast of New Zealand, which has never been developed due to lack of capital and distance to markets.
Perhaps there is oil in Antartica, but the repeated addition and removal of ice sheets should surely stress the geology of Antartica and I would not be surpriced if most of the oil did not escape after repeated "flexing" of the cap rock and associated fractures.
Antartica is a small continent. Slightly smaller than Australia from memory. So I have little hope for more than a trickle of oil from there by 2150.
Look here >>> http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-50720
RR
RR
These guys really need to be introduced to the concept of Occam's Razor.
So I see you found the link interesting :) "I think it was you I posted it to right?"
-C.
http://www.tradearabia.com/tanews/newsdetails_snOGN_article106704_cnt.html
A more serious problem exists in the Yan River basin, which has 26,000 wells and more than 800 kilometers of pipelines. Its water quality once dropped below class V, unsuitable even for agricultural irrigation.
Now that's a water problem.
-C.
Makes one wonder about several points. Oil exporters are taking steps to reduce reliance on oil, They can build, from contract award to in service, in just 30 months.
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=Alstom chosen to supply Algiers' first tramway
(14/06/06 17:40 CET)
A 225 million euros project
ALSTOM CHOSEN TO SUPPLY ALGIERS' FIRST TRAMWAY
The operator Entreprise du Métro d'Alger (EMA) has just announced that it has chosen an international consortium led by ALSTOM Transport to supply a turnkey system for the first tramway line of the Algerian capital. The total value of this project is 225 million euros. Options may be added.
This project is part of the Algerian Government's development programme to meet the increasing demand for public transport and reduce traffic congestion in the Algerian capital. Algiers' first tramway line, which will link the city centre to the Eastern part of the capital, will be 16.3 km long with 30 stations. It was designed to transport 150,000 passengers daily. The first train sets will enter into service 30 months after the contract takes effect.
As a supplier of global solutions, ALSTOM will provide a turnkey system comprising the rolling stock, the tracks, the power supply system, the traction electrification, the signalling system and control equipment, part of the civil works and a workshop. ALSTOM has long experience in this field with references including the Barcelona tram and the KTX high-speed train for Korea.
Since the development of the first CITADIS in 1996, ALSTOM has sold 778 CITADIS cars to more than 20 cities around the world including Paris, Strasbourg, Lyon, Madrid, Rotterdam, Dublin, Melbourne, Tenerife and Tunis.
If we would just use the ROW in the medians and shoulders of highways, or even close a few streets for rail, we could do the same. But this is heresy to gasoline marketers. and the automotive industry who wish to be the sole beneficiaries of the road subsidies.
Strapped States Try New Route, Lease Toll Roads to Foreign Firms
Sounds like the libertarian dream. But seen in the light of peak oil...a step toward a world where only the wealthy can drive?
Royal Dutch/Shell says it will decide on whether to start a commercial project by the end of the decade.
RE:Update [2006-6-15 9:50:2 by Leanan]:
I found this bit especially interesting...
-C.
They claim 3.5 to 1. But, I am skeptical of oil shale as will be apparent with the article that I am writing.
RR
RR
Or ''heat it up for a number of years according to Shell''.
I wonder how many years of heat?. And I suppose it would be from a nuke. Or would they burn coal to generate the electricty to heat the rod to fry the Kerogens to make the oil to warm the house that jack built.
I suggest we leave it to whatever comes after the Human race in a few million years. Typical eh? not content with screwing our children, we want to screw the next evolved life form...
Timeline-fast forward to 1997
1997 Shell conducts an in situ heating process experiment on Mahogany oil shale property.
Work postponed because of economic conditions.
2000 Bureau of Land Management asks for public comment on management of federal oil
shale lands.
2000-present Shell returns to Mahogany oil shale property in mid-2000 with an expanded in situ
heating technology research program.
-C.
In 2042, surplus wind turbine electricity, after having filled all available pumpes storage, is used to periodically heat oil shales and extract/create oil from the massive oil shale deposits. Late winter and spring are the primary season for thsi "load dumping" into oil shale, but some heating also occurs in the fall.
If shell's electrical heating process works, it would be great if it were produced using renewables in part. To my mind, producing light, sweet liquids with renewables even on an EROEI 1:1 basis might be worth it in the future.
RR
The article is inaccurate in one key area. This shale will probably never turn to oil because of the depth of sediment. It will erode first.And of course, the cost.
Depleted shales are the target of the Barnett Shale, the Fayetteville shale and the Woodford-Barnett Missipian shales in various western basins. These are mostly gas plays, although some gas liquids are produced by horizontal drilling and fracturing.
And none of the cost to the environment is considered in their calculations.
I expect we will see a lot of articles about how shale,tar sands,biodeisel,natural gas diesel and ethanol are going to save us from the consequices of profligacy.
"Hydrocarbons have been recovered from shale containing kerogen for at least 600 years"
And I think you're onto something there "shale will probably never turn to oil because of depth of sediment"
Let's see what RR digs up on his paper in the coming days.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/energyresources/message/91636
I think they (Shell) forgot that most electrical power "efficiency" is about 31-33% if burning coal, oil, gas or wood to supply energy to a steam turbine/electrical generator. You get somewhat higher efficiencies from CT's and hydro is "cheap" and "efficient" once you spent all the time and energy to build the project. There is no indication that Shell took this into account (and you wouldn't if all you were trying to figure is how many times the counter "turned"). But using the 33% value, you are back to 1:1 EROEI.
Kinda the same problem as before.
Also, as AlanfromBigEasy pointed out above, Shell's operation might be a good place to dump excess wind-powered electricity, to which I have suggested solar thermal or PV in the late spring and summer months. NG goes well with either of these renewables.
But then, who knows how it will work out.
I'd prefer that at least some shale oil projects, if they ever work out, also produce heavier fractions. Currently, ocean-going freighters are converting from diesel to heavy, and I could imagine a future in which heavies also would propel costal and Greak Lakes freighters, as well as tugs for river transport inland. There might be more of a market for the heavies than we now contemplate.
In addition, I recall reading that the Western kerogen, when refined, yields considerable paraffins for grease and wax. Don't discount the market for unscented candles for lighting purposes in the future!
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5071966.stm
"Everything's so difficult. Prices keep going up, and there's too little fuel and electricity."
::Snip::
"But the problems that the Burmese face go much deeper than just a lack of money. There is a huge disparity between those allied to the ruling elite and the rest of the population - a distinction which permeates every aspect of day-to-day life."
::Snip::
"Petrol is another commodity where the black market reigns supreme. An ordinary citizen is only allowed two gallons (nine litres) per day at the government price - and even then, queuing can sometimes take hours."
::Snip::
"Despite living under one of the most draconian regimes in the world, some Burmese people still manage to find time for life's pleasures.
I spoke to a man in his early 20s who, over the last few months, has been using the rare moments of electricity to charge batteries so he can watch the World Cup.
I can imagine him now, glued to a television screen, escaping for a few precious hours from the chaos around him."
cherry picking quotes galore: read article for one's self
Make use of your imagination. In a world rocked by energy constraint and economic depression... corruption could go wild, the gap between the have's and have nots widen, rationing, quality of life drop, and people charging their batteries before the power failed just so they can have a few hours away from it all. It's a window on what can happen when things go wrong.
Yesterday, on two financial TV shows, there were two comments that the ethanol market was nearing saturation in the USA and to expect a collapse in the price of both ethanol and the stock of companies like Ande and the new one VSE.
As I understand it the problems of getting ethanol to the East Coast has eased. Cramer on Mad Money was one of the pundits, while the other was a Bloomberg reporter.
The argument is that with so many new plants under construction that there will be a glut. An article on Monday in the Frisco Chronicle noted that the USA now produces more ethanol than Brazil (35.1% of total world production to 34.8% for Brazil. China was 3rd with 8.3%)
And they say a picture is worth a thousand words...
China ramped up its role as a global player on Thursday by hosting a summit of states encompassing almost half the world's population and some of Washington's most prominent opponents.
Da Da Da...people are strange...when you're a stranger...
-C.
Hmmm...Or something more sinister afoot?
We shall see.
BCR diss the Chinese president on a State Visit, then they start poking the Russians with a pointed stick.
Of course they will get in a huddle at the other end of the schoolyard.
To plan the next move...
An earlier veto threat by Bush forced senators to strip some things out:
First, higher oil costs are directly feeding into the higher costs of building and maintaining our road system: http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=434330
Second, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in Wisconsin actually decreased last year for the first time in nearly a quarter century: http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=421717
Third, Wisconsin's transportation fund is shrinking. This is partly due to the first drop in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the state in nearly a quarter century. A drop in VMT generally equates to a drop in gasoline taxes paid into the transportation fund. It is also partly due to Wisconsin's elected leaders repealing the automatic gas tax increase last year (previously Wisconsin's gas tax increased automatically each year to keep up with inflation). You can argue that Wisconsin won't need to spend money on expanding road infrastructure in the future, but the gas tax is also Wisconsin's primary funding mechanism for state public transportation assistance.
http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/W/WI_BUDGET_WOES_WIOL-?SITE=WIFON&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE =DEFAULT
The conclusion is that Wisconsin's transportation system is starting to feel the pinch of high oil prices.
Wisconsin has always struck me as one of the few states (Oregon and Washington also come to mind), that really understand the concept of auto-dependency, and has worked fairly hard to avoid that trap where possible. I wouldn't say that your transportation system is "feeling the pinch" so much as making rational adjustments due to high oil prices. It's too bad your legislators caved on the automatic gas tax inflation adjustments.
The states of Wisconsin and Illinois jointly contract with Amtrak to provide the Hiawatha Service between Milwaukee and Chicago. It has seen record ridership over the past year and a half (as have other midwestern Amtrak routes)
There also are plans for a Midwest high-speed rail system.
http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/rail.htm
Andy Muzi at yellowjersey.org would have the Madison # for you if it exists. Madtowners ride their bikes when it's below zero windy & icy
Husky, CNOOC find huge China gas field
-C.
Not really related to present discussions but related more to the way the web site is functionning. I want to make a small advice.
I'm currently a Usability Professional mainly for websites. Altough I dont have the time to do much because I'm involved getting my town prepared for PO, I do have a good background for this.
I think that each time I click on the more... or comments link in the front page of The Oil Drum, it always link to a named anchor (a name or a number with # in front) and the page load and the position itself at the begining of thoses comments or rest of articles.
This way of linking is not very good because of many things. Because there is lots of information the page is almost always long to load and the graphics and small side boxes are the last to appear. You can scroll down to start to read or find the comments you want to read but then it position itself back at the begining, wich I think is leathal.
Also to regain the power of the mouse wheel, visitors have to click on the page and if the click is done where there is no link but just a fraction of seconds before repositioning, it may go trough that link, thus loading a diferent page and getting the time used to read less available.
That repositionnement interfere with the current job done by the visitor and alievates part of your visitor base.
I dont know what can be done to fix that problem but doing it will have a definite effect on daily visits.
For a second advice, I dont know what you can do to lower the loading time but if you can find a way (not a better server but less graphic on each page and leaner graphics when needed. Leaner pages will help reduce the bandwith cost and the number of servers needed.
Other good advices from other readers?
I also think that showing a special page with only the comment you've just made is kind of a waste of time. Find a way to get rid of it, you will free more bandwith there too.
What does bug me is what happens when a really long UL is posted. It's automatically cropped, so the screen doesn't stretch, which is fine.
But if you click on the link, the end of the URL is displayed, and suddenly the left part of all the posts disappears.
Very annoying. It makes the whole page unreadable. The only way to fix it is to reload the page, and then all the NEW tags are gone.
The obvious solution is not to post long URLs. Use HTML coding, or TinyURL. But IME, there's always a few who can't or won't do that.
On advice from Leanan, I added the AdBlock extension to my Firefox installation and pages now load A LOT faster. The bulk of time that is (or was in my case) spent on loading pages are the advert graphics. Get rid of them and the page loads in less than half the time (I know because I use the 'Fasterfox' extension).
Now I know that the adverts are there to help the editors regain some costs for doing this, but I think they would get better click-thru rates if they just mentioned these advertisers in their stories. Perhaps even doing a story on a particular book, or service that is being advertised.
Also tabbed viewing helps me with the "There's more..." issues.
Basically, I start off at the main TOD page. I then decide which stories I want to read today, and for each one I CTRL-click on the "Permalink" link. This creates a separate tab for each story which all load in the 'background'. Thus, by the time I get to the second and third tabs, they have already loaded.
Of course the searching for '[new' helps to find comments I haven't already read.
So, in my opinion, the site does not really need 'fixing'. In fact, as a developer myself, I can't really see any way to make it much better (only different). I've used all manner of other ways to do this (forums, slashdot, blogger, etc.) but none of them are inherently better than the current format.
Just my $0.02.
State of the Oil and Gas Industry
by
Saudi Aramco CEO Abdallah Jum'ah
Our efforts begin with a stepped up oil and gas exploration program. We currently manage approximately 260 billion barrels of oil, or roughly a quarter of the global total. But we continue to expand our reserve base, and conservatively estimate our additional potential of recoverable oil to be in the range of 200 billion barrels. At Saudi Aramco's present production levels, that means we will have well over a century's worth of oil to produce.
Saudis smile from other people's gas pains. :-0
Also taking out what they've pumped so far... that leaves about 80 Billion Reserves sitting in the ground (If memory serves me)...and don't hold me to this as I'm not at my office where I can reference my spreadsheets! LOL of course I'm sure someone will drive by and bash me on this one...
Enjoy.
-C.
That figure is gleaned from Matt Simmons' book, though he never gives an exact figure on what he thinks they are. Also a Hubbert Linerization of Saudi Arabia gives about 65 billion barrels left.
Thanks for not bashing... 65 Billion is even more disheartening
-C.
And oil is back up above $70, too...
Anyone read this over at Prudentbear.com?
It presents a very interesting analysis of household sector spending in the US (apparently now 20% of GLOBAL GDP!).
We might see some of the awaited demand suppression/destruction in the near term.
I want to point out the cyclical nature of bank lending. We've hit the peak in terms of lending growth, we have to peak the other way now. Also things have hummed a long for a while and we've been saying this can't be! Turns out it could be but it's coming to and end. This is why contrarians are dismissed so much, they are fundamentally sounds but miss the timing which does matter.
I personally have not had a dime of ordinary income from wages in 15 years, but through investments have been spending more every year. Asset appreciation is a form of inflation that is not measured in CPI and it is a form of wealth creation that may well not be measured in the analysis of consumer spending vs. income.
Our national electricity production-distribution company "EDF" (électricité de France) with help from EURO-RSG is currently running a commercial about its research commitment. In the commercial they feature easter island and recount briefly it's controversial history in a purely hansonian style. Their conclusion is " the energies which have helped to build a civilisation can also undo it". Of course the last seconds are used to tell us that EDF invests 366 million Euros per year in research for alternative energy sources.
Total, whose CEO Thierry Demarest has acknowledged the concept of peak-oil since Feb 2006, runs also a commercial whithout any text in most of the devloppment showing different situations where we use energy (for work but also for personnal developpment and even for anxiolytic applications), says in the end "for you our energy is endless".
But otherwise you can say anything you wish. The government would definitely NOT censor anything about Easter Island. If they tried it would create a riot among the free speech advocates.
But yes, we do have a lot more latitude on the net than on the public airways, as also does cable TV.
Actually St. Louis will NOT be the worst off. Excellent rail connections, the Mississippi (and Ohio & Missouri) Rivers, nearby agriculture and some coal mines. Solid old homes. Wind potential also close by. And the beginnings of a decent light rail system (Good E-W main line built and first branch almost built. Add three or so more branches and StL will have something.
The greatest appreciation is often in the marginal neighborhhods close to a station athn the better areas. Often the marginal areas "pick up".
(Absolutely flat top rails are quieter than those with a 1:20 slope (US freight rail). 1:20 slope rail is cheaper and more available. This is one of many issues regarding noise).
Bonds to build light rail CAN pay for themslves, if you assume that bus service would otherwise have been provided.
Light rail transports a pax-mile at 2/3 to 1/2 the cost of a bus (at $1/gallon diesel) AND it attracts significantly more riders, many of them with cars. And Light Rail usually (but not always) attracts development around it's stations, growing it's own ridership (and a tax base) over time.
So build light rail and one can often pay off the bonds with the savings & extra fares over the buses that they displaced. Few transit agencies can create enough surplus revenue to build light rail for cash.
I can put you in touch with some of those working for more Urban Rail in St. Louis if you like.
I need to ask you a question though I don't want you to take it as a personal attack.
I have been following these replies and I am attempting to understand why it is that you would support building this toll road system? If you could please post about why you think this 10 lane toll road will be helpful to the US.
Thanks.
AO
I called the choice of routes "nonsensical". It is a massive waste of resources at a time when we DESPERATELY need to spend our limited resources on energy effective solutions.
How this economic farce ever got ANY political support is baffling and speaks poorly to our system.
Yes, there were capacity issues on I-35 due to increased NAFTA shipments. But the solution is FAR in excess of what is needed to solve the problem (It may self correct).
But some politicans were irritated at seeing so many `18 wheelers' clogging the road to work.
It is moronic to say that the nation is addicted to oil and then do things that only encourage and increase that addiction.
Basically use dodgy laws to confiscate vast corridors of 'worthless' farmland under eminent domain, then sell it to the developers who convert the land next to the road- build new suburban, commercial and industrial areas, and voila- billions of dollars of wealth.
The only ones who lose are the farmers who are forced by the state to sell vast amounts of their land at a pittance, and taxpayers in general, who will probably end up paying for the construction.
Just my thoughts.
http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2006/200606152/default.htm
http://news.goldseek.com/RichardDaughty/1150297680.php
Where would Butler get this data? I have never seen positions of individual entities reported in the COT. In fact CFTC/NFA regulations make it illegal for an FCM to disclose customer positions in a way which in not required in order to properly service the account.
At a certain point for every family or company or government or nation, there will be no more funds, no more credit opportunities, no more expenses to cut except for the vital ones. That happens at a different time for everyone, but the partial breakdowns reinforce each other and the system will become more and more unstable.
Thoughts?
The following data is all from icasualties.org. They've done a great job of keeping track of US casualties since the war began, and have kept fair data on reported Iraqi security force and civilian deaths since 2005. Make of them what you will.
1. How strong their military is.
2. How much electricity they can generate.
3. How much oil they can sell (for the Iraqi people, of course).
Simple really - government is about guns and energy.
Roman power plants were called slaves and the stronger their legions were the more slaves they could put online.
http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,19484382-643,00.html
"Europe's largest oil company said proven global oil reserves ended 2005 at 1.2007 trillion barrels, little changed from 1.1941 trillion a year earlier."
It basically says that world reserves were unchanged between 2004 and 2005. Didn't Stuart's "Do Reserves Prove Anything" article from a few months back show that peak usually occurs after reserves stop growing?
http://tinyurl.com/mbv4t
It just sounds - great. But then I also saw:
http://tinyurl.com/ph24h
Really makes you want to hang out in "Charm City" doesn't it? But staying home won't keep you safe from Big Brother, either:
http://tinyurl.com/gv8uc
I am more pessimistic about freedom than I am about energy. I think we in the US will stave off the doom scenarios for quite a while, but many seem willing to sacrifice our freedoms as long as their comfort level isn't challenged.
-C.
I assume that there's no offshore oil in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
A research scientist from 2006, having been caught in a burst of high radiation fracturing the space time continuum finds himself thrust into the future. He's disoriented and staggers a bit finding himself in the middle of a large but abandoned road and ahead a sign reads "Washington, DBC 208 kilometers." Recognizing that he needs to find someone and figure out what happened he begins walking. It doesn't take too long and he happens upon a town - there are people there! He runs up to the first person he sees, a man perhaps in his fourties. "Excuse me, but could you tell me where we are?" The man gives him an odd look, but obliges "The United States of Lower Canada." "What? No such place exists!" exclaims the scientist. The man appears quite puzzled. Having watched too many sci-fi movies, the scientist asks the man, "What planet are we on?" Rather amused now to be talking to this whack the old man replies "well, I think we're on Earth...what planet do you want to be on?" The scientist replies, "I know you think I'm nuts right now, but just an hour ago I was in my lab in Virginia about to make a breakthrough. I'd just made a call to my colleague in Washington, DC and he - " "Washington DC?!" the man chimes in, "I haven't heard it called that in 20 years!" The scientist stands puzzled, and then asks "What is Washington DBC?" The man tells him, "Washington District of British Columbia, of course" The scientist starts to realize that he's not in kansas any more - not that he ever was - but he's sure he's not there now. "Can you tell me how the United States of Lower Canada formed?" he asks the man. He replies, "Well, back when George Bush III was in office and during the fourth major oil recession he thought it might be a grand idea to invade Canada, since that's where a significant amount of our oil came from - he was a paranoid SOB, so he thought the supply would be safer in the hands of the 'good ol USA' and decided to take it over by force. Canada shut off all the taps to their oil, and since mexico had long since declined, that was the majority of the US's oil supply off line. Quickly Canada sunk every oil tanker headed towards the American coast and with their small force managed to hold off the american forces and starve them of oil - the war machine ground to a halt. The USA might have had a chance if their military was in the US, but they were fighting another war in the middle east to keep their supply stable there. Being Canadians, they at first just held the US off at their borders and were content at that. Upon further reflection they recognized the need to destroy all of the war making infrustructure so they invaded into the heart of the US, all the way down to Texas. I guess they liked the place so much - not Texas..a little too hot - but most everywhere else, so they stayed!"
Substrate,
Please follow your own advice.
Thanks,
Why not this way as opposed to the way you might think it happens, or how I might think it happens, or any single on of us. In the end we are all pretty much guessing with or without graphs and charts and spreadsheets to back up our short or long term guesses.
Fiction has the power to make people think. Fact has them so confussed that they think TV is real and Life is a Box of Chocolate.
Smiles Nicely, hands you his latest fictional account of a computer running for president.
Would appreciate their postings cleaned up when Super G reads this thread, tks.