The Carriers are Coming, the Carriers are Coming! (or, Thursday's Open Thread)

I doubt they did it in on purpose, but the title "Beating the Oil Drums of War-Part I" is just precious. [editor's note, by Prof. Goose]and we also forgot to mention this post over at econbrowser. JDH, always a good read.
Excellent article here:

Africa and the oil price trap

The rapid rise in oil prices over the last two years is unquestionably the biggest problem facing the international economy, more particularly those that can least afford them - the emerging countries. Inflation is rising as a result and threatening global economic growth: slowdowns are already apparent in Europe, USA and China. Africa's hard-pressed financial resources are grappling with oil prices that have trebled in as many years.

According to Absa Bank's fourth quarter Economic Perspective, demand for commodities and oil is expected to expand in emerging markets over the next several years and could overtake such demand in developed market economies within the next 10 to 15 years.

"However," it says, "over the shorter term, prices may have risen too far for the global economy to absorb and this has now started to impact negatively on growth. The longer-term prospects for the oil price appear bleak for oil consumers owing to the supply-demand profile and future trends."

Price is a first cousin of demand and as skewed as the supply side of oil and its derivatives may be, along with the shenanigans that go on behind the scenes, the fact remains that oil is a finite resource and the convulsions the world is witnessing now might be the beginnings of oil's death throes, and the start of a new economic ice age.

The demand destruction is already occurring...among the poorest first, as expected.

Leanan,
Excellent post! Keep up the good work; you are much appreciated.
Have also appreciated your news & commentary over at peakoil.com Leanan.  GJ.
there continues to be a good deal of discussion here about the potential economic effects of peak oil or approaching peak oil, and we are definitely one or the other situation presently.  inflation/deflation; demand destruction; etc.

my question: what should one invest in?

no one knows for certain, but my belief about the economic future is that the powers that be powers will do everything they can to keep the ponzi scheme going as long as possible, but eventually it will collapse in a kuntsler-esque fashion.  that suggests that for a period, imo 10-15 years, the "system" will remain in place essentially as is, but with big winners and big losers, then we all become losers.  in other words, for a certain period what one does with one's financial assets is relevant and important, after that real assets (land, tools) and skills will trump financial assets.

so during that bumby but recognizable period, what should one investment in?

i've read leeb's book and generally agree with the premise that it might be a long approximation of a '70's era energy crisis economy, but some of his assumptions do not necessarily make intuitive sense.  for example, if there is a real shortage in oil and directly related products, either due to field depletion or refinery capacity or war or whatever, rather than a mere politically caused shortage a la the embargos, will IOCs profit or lose out?  how can they profit as everyone seems to think if they can't get any oil, or if the cost/price leads to demand destruction?  how will the ADMs of the world (industrial farmers) fare? food will be in huge demand, but the cost of production and distribution will be huge, possibly huger than the demand.  what other companies, alt energy companies for example, are good investments?  commodities?  will gold really skyrocket defore teh collapse?  will it continue to have value in the LE/kunstler phase (part of me says no, but then gold has always been valuable, even in the pre-indusrial times).

what are all you smart and informed people doing?  reducing debt makes sense, but my mortgage is fixed at 5.37% -traditionally that ain't a debt that should be reduced, but should any/all debt be reduced.  

i feel that every day that passes without asset re-allocation is a wasted opportunity, and makes the cost of re-allocation higher, but i am not certain of where/how to re-allocate.

thoughts?


Yes, reducing debt was my starting point.  I heard Simmons talk once and one point was that once you realize you are digging yourself into a hole, the first thing you do is stop digging.  On a personal level, that means stop spending, and stop buying stuff.  Like you, my only debt is a 5.37% fixed mortgage - as long as I remain employed I will be OK.  If things really go to hell, then that could become problematic - thus I am trying to build up savings as quickly as possible.  If this thing drags out long enough, I can just pay the whole thing off.

I know people are looking for ideas for investment, but I have also worked to reduce energy consumption.  A more fuel efficient car, less electricity and natural gas at home, and pay more attention to the stuff I eat.

I have been trying to figure out the inflation/deflation thing myself for some number of months.  At least in the short term, I am betting on inflation.  The problem is this though - there are a number of others trying to do the same thing, and the question is the degree to which the prices in the market have already risen to take into account some of this stuff.  I was talking with someone who was thinking of buying stocks in a coal company, for example.

My main objective here isn't to make a killing - it is to keep from getting skinned alive.

if things REALLY go to hell, you wont have to pay back your mortgage...;)
Hello theLastSasquatch,

True, you won't have to payback your mortgage, but those whose house value is wrecked by a hurricane, tornado, drought, mudslide, etc will have no incentive to do either.

Max Maxfields's latest comments have probably made alot of insurance companies raise their rates to where many homeowners cannot afford the premium:

http://www.floridatoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060412/BREAKINGNEWS/60412009

Excerpt:
---------
ORLANDO - Max Mayfield already is hearing folks say no hurricane season could be as bad as 2005.

"I'm here to convince you otherwise," the director of the National Hurricane Center told about 1,800 people gathered today for the National Hurricane Conference.
------------
Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

in other words, for a certain period what one does with one's financial assets is relevant and important, after that real assets (land, tools) and skills will trump financial assets.

I think farmland is a good long-term investment for survival. Not necessarily in a remote area (where bandits might get you), but some farmland near an urban area might be a good choice. Of course as people go hungry, you will probably have to fence it and put a couple of pit bulls in there to keep people from stealing your crops.

for example, if there is a real shortage in oil and directly related products, either due to field depletion or refinery capacity or war or whatever, rather than a mere politically caused shortage a la the embargos, will IOCs profit or lose out?

I have given this a lot of thought. Barring government intervention, Peak Oil will be a windfall for the oil companies. They will be sitting on an incredibly valuable asset. Look at the aftermath of Katrina. We had immediate shortages, and prices shot up to stem demand. But oil companies made a lot of money in that quarter.

However, I think the government is likely to intervene as oil companies reap huge profits while people are struggling to keep the lights on. I just can't decide in what form that intervention might be.

Finally, many people don't seem to consider that Big Oil can very easily move into the alternative fuels business if they think the time is right. They have the infrastructure to buy up every ethanol plant in the country if they thought the economics were good. So, Big Oil won't be dead, even when we do run out of oil. They will just be providing some other form of energy.

RR

Hello Robert,

Your Quote: "However, I think the government is likely to intervene as oil companies reap huge profits while people are struggling to keep the lights on. I just can't decide in what form that intervention might be."

The only viable alternative is for govt. intervention to build large biosolar habitats as explained in my previous posts and further explained in this EnergyBulletin link:

http://energybulletin.net/14902.html

The question is: will the unwashed masses chose this Powerdown option or go whole hog for the "3 Days of the Condor" scenario?

Bob Shaw in Phx,Az  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

I bet most people will not want to live in a neo-hippie biosolar community. Americans are taught practically while still a fetus to embrace "always compete, never cooperate" as their life motto. We are constantly told basically that competing is good while cooperating is communist and thus bad.

A permaculture community is the exact opposite. For it to work people must SHARE resources! What a concept. Cubans were taught to share and cooperate, hence the Cuban adaptation is working somewhat. Note in honesty people try every method short of rocket to escape the island, so it's no utopia even if taught to share from birth.

As far as agriculture. Once someone figures out how to take air, water, and solar to make ammonium nitrate they stand to make money on the resulting fertiliser. My bet is a post-oil terrorist will figure it out, not to fertilise a field but to add biodiesel to make ANFO. Wonderful. An eco-friendly bomb!

Hello Mad Maxout,

Thxs for responding.  This is admittedly speculative, but imagine how popular the Biosolar Shire might become if those families that chose to live there had their children exempted from the Military Draft. Powerdown to enhance your children's future survivability.

Those detritovores so addicted to 'ancient sunshine' would be forced to ante up their children's BLOOD FOR OIL if they still desire the easy-motoring, drive-thru, suburban existence that Kunstler writes so often about.  This Detritus Delusion is then bitch-slapped in everybody's face as they realize why the world is headed for resource wars.

From Matt Savinar's LATOC archives:

http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/Archives2006/March-28-2006.html
-------------------
When I used to give talks on this subject, I would say to the crowd (usually made of politically active Greens and progressive liberals):

Who here remembers Dick Cheney saying 'the American way of life is not negotiable'? Naturally, most were aware of this statement and none too happy about it. I would then say:
"Well, like it or not, Dick Cheney is correct and I can
prove it to you right now. Raise your hand if you're
against going to war for oil. (All hands would shoot up.)

Now keep your hand raised if you drive a car. (99% of
the hands stay up). Well there you have it folks. Your
soundtrack says you're against war for oil but your
actions tell a different story. As they say, "talk is
cheap" and "actions speak louder than words." Shit or
get off the pot people. Either get your physical actions
in line with your verbal soundtrack or shut the f--k up
cause right now, I feel like I'm watching an Arnold
Schwarnzegger film with a speech from Gandhi or MLK
dubbed over it. There's a bit of a disconnect between
what I'm seeing and what I'm hearing here folks. If those of you in this room aren't willing to negotiate their car dependent way-of-life, how can you realistically expect anybody else to do so?

As you can imagine, this didn't go over too well with the crowd(s), mostly because what I'm saying is true and people only get upset with something if it's true.

This is one of the primary reasons why I have stopped giving talks for the most part. I've found that people just wanted me to stand up there and tell them what a great job they're doing because they've installed energy efficient light bulbs in their $500,000 home and can afford to drop $30,000 on a brand new hybrid car. (What type of dumbass would you have to be NOT to buy the most fuel-efficient vehicle you can afford?) Basically they wanted me to show up and kiss their asses, not bitchslap them across the face with a dose of reality. Oh well.
---------------------

If this could be implemented the world over: Powerdown would be a done deal.  I think most Americans are against the re-imposition of the Draft.  It would be an excellent national referendum on if we really want to continue our present exchange of BLOOD FOR OIL.

Otherwise the Three Days of the Condor prevails.

Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

That being said, I'd love to go to a Savinar speech, I'm sure he's great.
You don't have to go anywhere. He pops up here regularly. If you do go to a speech, make sure you wear a helmet and raincoat. He throws stuff and smashes watermelons onstage to get the audience in the mood. You know I love ya, Matt.
Oil CEO,

Not quite, but have you seen my lifesize cut out of a fire-breathing Jesus with flaming red eyes? I bust it out at the end of the talk and admonish the crowd to  "repent siners!!!turn or burn! turn or burn!"

Best,

Matt

Savinar was quoting Kunstler, as I recall. I do not believe that is Savinar material. He still tries to get people to respond. I think Kunstler has turned observer and tells people to kiss off because he expects them all to go swirling down the drain anyway.
I know Kunstler says something similar but I pulled the "raise your hands . . . keep em raised" bit a long time ago.

Best,

Matt

I was reading this article, about people who are protesting the war in Iraq by not paying their federal taxes.  What struck me was this paragraph:

n 1942, Ernest Bromley refused to buy a $7.09 "defense tax stamp" required for all cars and went to jail for 60 days.

Now there's an idea.  We could tax cars to pay for the war.  Only we don't call it a tax, of course.  Taxes are bad.  We call it a "user fee."  User fees aren't bad, they're good - "responsible."  Those who benefit should pay, right?  ;-)


 Call it a Nonrenewable Paleozoic Resevoir Depletion Fee.

 Since it is described as being nonrenewable the fee will be accepted as a good thing because it will never be repeated.

I hate giving specific stock tips out to friends -- and The Oil Drum is one large extended circle of friends -- but I've been dumping large amounts of capital into call options on ethanol-related stocks.  My personal favorites right now are both trading on the NASDAQ OTCBB; a cellulosic ethanol company that just got a round of private funding through Goldman Sachs, which is quite prestigeous, and a biodiesel company with ties to the biggest oil companies and a press release signed by "Halliburton Investor Relations".  With a little digging I think you can find them.

Needless to say, quite risky assets.  Don't bet unless you can afford to do so and really believe in peak oil.

You are investing in what you hope are honest politicians who will maintain your subsidies. I wouldn't do that.
I don't blame anyone for worrying about their assets or their asses. I'm worry about mine. But the bitter truth is that most of us in the middle class or below are going to get screwed no matter what we do if things get bad enough --and they will. These guys don't play fair anymore, even on a capitalist basis. There was an interesting editorial in today's FT by a British guy whining about the the injustices committed against British (elite) investors by the Bushies! I wish I had saved it. Maybe someone can find it and post a link.

It's what propping us the whole system, our love of our portfolios. Nothing will change until we lose our assets. Then will lose our asses killing each other -- if the worst scenarios play out, which I hope against hope do not.

There area actually quite a few of us who have dumped portfolios in favor of hard assets already. While I don't have a crystal ball, what I see with respect to Peak Oil, climate change, economic and monetary policies, the market, housing, airlines, Auto manufacturers, etc. ...ALL of them have large numbers of experts who are predicting imminent crises. Only government and MSM seem to be able to conjour up a bright side.

So it wasn't just one single thing or a single cliff I saw, but a host of things and a series of cliffs and jagged gulches that made me yank my money out and spend it on something else. And believe me, it was a hard sell to the wife - women are ALL about securing their future, and to get her to let me move ahead, I had to force her through awareness/acceptance/grieving/reconciliation with what is going on. Sure, we could all be wrong - but planning for the bright side isn't what you do long term.

I think when she saw me putting in the water catchment system and the heat pump she finally realized I was deadly serious. And she's ok with it, because all our bills are dropping, which she enjoys. And now we have that country place...

What is Richard Rainwater, net worth about $2.5 billion, doing to prepare?

http://www.energybulletin.net/11695.html
Published on 13 Dec 2005 by Fortune. Archived on 14 Dec 2005.
The Rainwater Prophecy
by Oliver Ryan
Richard Rainwater made billions by knowing how to profit from a crisis. Now he foresees the biggest one yet

Excerpt:

Back on the farm that night, he (Rainwater) and Moore discuss future projects with their landscaper, Jenks Farmer, over a glass of wine. Farmer, who has a master's in horticulture and lives on the property, maintains Moore's extensive gardens, including vegetable beds that produce all year round. That morning Rainwater had been surfing the web, researching greenhouses in his quest to further ensure a steady flow of food through the winter. At his prodding, Moore has installed an emergency generator and 500-gallon storage tanks for diesel fuel and water. When Rainwater says that he's thinking about opening a for-profit survivability center, it's not entirely clear that he's joking.

Later in the night Rainwater returns to musing on how different his lot is from the residents of Lake City. And then, returning to the debate in his head, he gets a serious look on his face and says: "This is going to get a little religious. I ask why I was blessed with this insightfulness. Everyone who has achieved something, scientists, ballplayers, thinks they were given their talent for a reason. Why me? Was I given this insightfulness at this particular time? Or was I just given this insightfulness?" He pauses. "I just want people to look out. 'Cause it could be bad."

I hear that, GeoPoet.

Home-Economics being largely a (small c) conservative game, to even present the idea of drastic changes [possibly/probably] coming around the bend is some tough pillow-talk.  We have a 3 year old child, and have been looking for an additional income property (Portland, Maine) as part of our 'portfolio', which in the recent past has been a solid investment.  Last night I started that one with my wife, suggesting that we try to understand the potential impact of energy costs before we extend out over more acreage/rental units.

If we do dive into that next building, one plan I'm exploring is to get Solar Hot Water going on the roof, for about $10-15k and actually 'include' heating in the rent as a stable number, which could give us a clear rate-of-return on the investment (which would be financed with the building), and an incentive to Maine renters who are increasingly required to heat their own places, as Heating Oil is already locking in (?) at around 2.70 for next winter. (*we paid 1.19 last year).. as long as heating costs keep rising, our financials just get better.

As far as other Hard Assets, I've gotten my first couple PV panels, against the possibility that those prices will skyrocket when energy issues Really start getting attention again, and I'm building a 'Winter fridge', which will be an insulated box with a small thermostat-run heat exchanger for grabbing our Winter's Cold, and see if we can't turn the fridge off for 1/2 the year.

Bob

Swee' Jebus!
Fuel issues are regulated by the Interstate Oil Committee; for example the imposition of unleaded petrol in South Africa knocks on to SACU members who must follow suit because of supply and roads usage. Newer South African cars are fitted with catalytic converters that require unleaded petrol and must be available SACU-wide for visitors.

"It's quite a problem for some countries," says McClelland. "South Africans tourists with new cars simply can't go to those countries that don't have unleaded petrol available. So these issues need to be harmonised."


They are still using tetraethyl lead (TEL) gasoline!

Fuels and Society B: 4. TEL Toxicity

Throughout 1922, as the first plans were made to develop tetraethyl lead, Midgley had received an alarming letter from Charles Kraus of Pottsdam in Germany. Kraus had worked on tetraethyl lead for many years and called it "a creeping and malicious poison" that had killed a senior scientist at his university.

Another warning came from a lab director in the Public Health Service (PHS.), who had heard about tetraethyl lead and wrote an October, 1922 memo to the assistant surgeon general warning of a "serious menace to public health."

...skip...

In March 1923 Thomas Midgley  had almost returned to normal after fighting a winter-long battle with lead poisoning. He and three other lab employees had experienced "digestive derangements, subnormal body temperatures and reduced blood pressure" from handling tetraethyl lead. He later wrote,"After about a year's work in organic lead I find that my lungs have been affected and that it is necessary to drop all work and get a large supply of fresh air."

Despite his own condition, Midgley was nonchalant about the dangers of tetraethyl lead. In a December 2, 1922 letter to A.W. Browne at Cornell, who had been contracted for some analytical work, Midgley said that tetraethyl lead was irritating to the skin and should not be breathed or taken in the mouth.

He added: "It would not surprise me if in the course of using tetraethyl lead for a year that some of your men would experience a slight case of painter's colic. This is nothing to worry about as several of our boys have it."

...skip...

The lead poisoning deaths of the first workers in Dayton, Ohio and Deepwater, N.J. had not attracted attention. But when the first Standard Oil Co. worker died on October 22, 1924, the Union County, N.J. medical examiner called for an investigation into the mysterious gas that was driving workers crazy. Within a few hours, GM.'s carefully contained secret had become front page news across the nation. To make matters worse, the chief chemist at the refinery told reporters: "These men probably went insane because they worked too hard."

...skip...

The levels of lead in the human body are usually measured by blood samples. In the 1950s and 60s, blood lead levels of less than 60 micrograms per deciliter were considered acceptable because obvious symptoms of lead poisoning like convulsions did not usually occur above that level.  Today the US Centers for Disease Conrol and Prevention (CDC) considers a level of 10 mcg/dl as a threshold of serious effects, especially in children.

Leaded gasoline phased out in the European Union on the 1st January 2000 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetra-ethyl_lead

One reason I don't buy fresh vegetables from the local farm, hard along a major European north/south route.

Some other interesting facts from the article -

'The use of TEL in gasoline was mostly dominant in the US while in Europe alcohol was used instead. However the dominance of the US oil companies eventually led to a switch to leaded fuel. In most Western countries this additive went out of use in the late 20th century, chiefly because of the realization that most of its lead--which is toxic to humans and other organisms--ended up in the exhaust fumes and became a major health and environmental problem. The need for that additive was also lessened by the introduction of harder metals for valves and valve-seats, a general reduction in engine compression ratios and the introduction of other anti-knocking additives. The deployment of the catalytic converter (which TEL contaminated and rendered ineffective) further reduced TEL use. TEL remains an ingredient of aviation gasoline and is also still available from a limited number of outlets as a fuel additive, mostly for owners of classic and vintage cars and motorcycles. A more environmental friendly additive is composed of contains 10 ppm potassium (sometimes sodium), solvents and 75% diesel, and is added to unleaded fuel to boost the octane rating by 2-3 points.'

My old 1978 R100/7 (160k miles before finally becoming parts) actually did have valve pitting/valve seat recession from unleaded fuel, but buying newer valves and doing a bit of general polishing/porting certainly improved performance over factory delivery, for minor cost in any terms. And the octane did make a difference to the motor - though 98 octane Amoco was fine from the mid-80s to the later 90s.

Changing over to another fuel mix, however defined, comes with costs which tend to be subject to on-going concrete analysis, as long as the facts are collected and spread for full discussion, not suppressed or simply left unexplored. Or in the case of MBTE, look at California, ca. early to mid 1990s and oil company/refinery concerns about maintaining a closed market through fostering 'environmental' concerns which could be resolved by adding MBTE (or another additive - I am no longer that interested in American oil company/energy policy SOP) - profit is never about long term concerns, though society should be.

This is part of what makes this site an interesting experiment. Lots of facts, and at least a few people worth listening to after they explore/collect those facts. And the sharing is important - people do share in practice, for a number of reasons. In this too, people are smarter than yeast.

Thanks, Expat.
  The Wiki was pretty informative (taken with a small dash of salt).. I wondered if anyone could clarify an URBAN LEGEND that I was told when my daughter got Lead Poisoning, 2 years ago. >> AND her BLL, blood-lead-level just read as 'undetectable' last week!! <<  

  We know fairly well that it was Lead Paint Dust from renovation work that probably got to her, but I also told that our "UNLEADED" gas in the US has really only had 50% of the Lead removed, not all of it, as "UN-" would tend to suggest.

  Does anyone know how much, if any lead still remains, as our 'Fleet' burns so many more gallons with such poor fuel-economy today?

Bob

A friend of mine is Dr. Howard Mielke, who lost a previous Big Ten university job because of his work to remove lead.  Now at Xavier in New Orleans (but that is ending :-(

Lead is out of gasoline, but residues remain EVERYWHERE.  Usually not enough to be easily detectable, but more than we evolved with by a large factor.

Lead paint is a major residual source, as are old gasoline fumes and lead pipes (some utilities have not replaced the lead pipe feeders from the mains to the houses).

Lead in the soil is found along all major highway corridors - the research I remember was from NJ, and it seems as if a 10 mile corridor (somewhat dependent on prevailing wind patterns) is essentially the sort of thing which would lead to lawsuits if exposure to it wasn't 'voluntary' - after all, only children play in the filthy dirt, and no one really gardens for food to eat, do they? From what I gather living here in Germany, this no see, no harm attitude is very well entrenched. On the other hand, other sources of heavy metal poisoning are very rigorously controlled, so there may be a certain environmental 'recycling' process which would lead to lead becoming a fading concern. But of course, who knows? It doesn't seem like much research is being funded to find out how industrial societies make moronic choices at the seeming behest of those who profit directly, without concern for the harm being caused. Shocking - I bet if the U.S. had less regulation, such problems would disappear from view as the unfettered free market got to work. (Oh wait, isn't that happening now?)

Other tidbits -

  1. The levels of lead permitted in French wine in Europe are 10 times the level permitted in Californian wines, though there, I am not sure what role soil plays in comparison to thousands of years tradition in adulterating wine.
  2. I seem to recall that lead was permitted in U.S. diesel fuel long past its banning in gasoline. Partially this was because diesel trucks didn't have catalytic converters. To the best of my memory, this lead was also phased out somewhere by the early 90s (or later 80s?).
Lead and mercury don't stay in the blood very long - high blood levels only indicate recent exposure.  The metal quickly moves into other tissue, where it stays and causes problems.  The best way to test for exposure later on is a hair test.
Expat:
  The R100/7...that's a BMW Motoraad, correct? If so, I am very surprised you only got 160k out of it. I thought those things ran forever. The reason I ask is that I currently own a BMW Dakar F 650 GS, and is my only means of transport. It's a great bike, both for on highway, around town and off road, and at 70 miles to the gallon is cheap to run.

      Subkommander Dred

A couple of different answers. The motor had been completely rebuilt around 100,000 miles, and at 160,000, it was burning/weeping a quart every 1,000 miles or less - that meant roughly two quarts of oil a month (I rode a lot then). The cost of replacing cylinders, pistons, etc. was simply much more than the bike. Add in the brake discs needing to be replaced (2 - I had R100 S front forks/dual disc brakes), and this leads leads to answer two.

I had left the bike in America, and bringing it to Germany, considering its numerous modifications (from things like teflon braided steel brake lines, aftermarket ignition, and a number of other modifications well known to old boxer types) would have been a huge effort for a well used machine.

I have ridden on BMWs of the same year and make with 300,000 miles, but quite honestly, it is the sort of thing which a BMW shop can afford to do to keep a loaner or two around very cheaply.

But to add that mandatory mythmaking lustre of eternity - the bike, after charging the battery, always started easily after the needed couple of turns of the motor to get gas into the cylinders, even after 18 months of standing in a garage. And older BMWs were quite easy to maintain, so they did tend to last, essentially on the remains of the ones which had become beyond practical repair - I am sure that a number of bikes are still running with parts from mine.

I have a fairly boring 750GT Kawasaki here. It has actually lasted 12 years till this point, but it does lacks something my first motorcycle had - not that either was anything but a machine.

And for a strange note - I could never, and I mean never, push start (including a warm motor and 50 yards of sloping hill) that R100/7. Other BMWs or motorcycles, no problem, but that one never. I carried jumper cables.  
 

You're getting 70mpg out of a 650 dakar? I get about 50 in my KLR650. MAybe I need to re-jet or something...

-G

You must all read  "The Secret History of Lead", available at:

      http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman

I continue to be more and more convinced that people at the highest level of leadership in the USA are not only fully aware of peak oil but are preparing to be the "last man standing". I hope our better angels appear soon.
I wonder that myself sometimes, though Matthew Simmons doesn't seem to think they really get it.  

In any case...whether Bush believes in peak oil or not, he's going to be a lot better off than most of us, with his solar heating, geothermal heat pumps, 40,000 gallon rainwater cistern, wastewater recycling system, and manmade pond stocked with bass and baitfish.

Interesting, isn't it.

I know a former gas company CEO in my neck of the woods who has a large acreage with orchard, large garden, wind generator, and "hardened" (steel doors, "hunting" guns, seperate well) wing.

Classified under "things that make you go 'hmmm.'"

     Not to mention his life-long Secret Service protection...
"The distinction is important."
(A combination of two recent posts)

Bush/Cheney/Rumsfeld (BCR) have probably created a win/win situation for Iran.  They took out Iran's chief enemy and rival.  From here, if BCR back down, it makes Iran appear more powerful. If BCR attack Iran, it will inflame the entire Moslem world (even more) against the US.

Unfortunately, I think that the Iranian leadership--certainly not the Iranian people--welcome an attack because it would solidify their hold on power, while inflaming the entire Moslem world against the US.  

There is a corollary to the Iranian political situation:  domestic US midterm elections.  If the Democrats gain control of either the House or the Senate, they will gain subpoena power, which will allow them to investigate all kinds of things that have heretofore been swept under the rug by the lapdog Republicans in Congress.  BCR are determined to prevent this.  The obvious solution?  A war.

The long term goal is control of the Middle Eastern oil fields.  The short term goal is to hold on to political power.

So, we have two unpopular presidents who both need a war to solidify their hold on power.  This seems to suggest that we will have a war.

However, I think that we are seeing worldwide resistance to the Neocon fantasies of BCR--from the halls of the Pentagon to Europe to the Middle East. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and a group of retired generals seem to be launching a coordinated attack on BCR.   They seem to be sending a message that they don't want anymore Americans and Middle Easterners to die needlessly on the alter of Neocon fantasies.

Following is an excerpt from a New York Times article on retired three star Marine General Newbold.  Pay very careful attention to the following four words:  "The distinction is important."  This is a retired three star general sending a message that the officer corps owes its allegiance to the Constitution--not to Bush/Cheney/Rumsfeld.

From the New York Times:

A leader's responsibility "is to give voice to those who can't -- or don't have the opportunity to -- speak," General Newbold wrote. "Enlisted members of the armed forces swear their oath to those appointed over them; an officer swears an oath not to a person but to the Constitution. The distinction is important." A leader's responsibility "is to give voice to those who can't -- or don't have the opportunity to -- speak," General Newbold wrote. "Enlisted members of the armed forces swear their oath to those appointed over them; an officer swears an oath not to a person but to the Constitution. The distinction is important."

The decision to invade Iraq, he wrote, "was done with a casualness and swagger that are the special province of those who have never had to execute these missions -- or bury the results."

If the Democrats gain control of either the House or the Senate, they will gain subpoena power, which will allow them to investigate all kinds of things that have heretofore been swept under the rug by the lapdog Republicans in Congress.  BCR are determined to prevent this.  The obvious solution?  A war.

I think you're ignoring the most basic evidence of what Americans are thinking and how they are likely to vote this fall. I'm stunned that so many people think bombing Iran will usher in a giant Republican win this November. That level of cynicism aimed at American voters is dangerous.

  1. Bush's approval ratings are at an all time low, partly due to war weariness from the Iraq war. Bush sold us a short, easy war, and he didn't deliver - why would broadening the war reverse that trend?

  2. The "political capital" Bush gained from 9-11 has largely been spent, stemming primarily from the fact that the extreme nationalism stoked in most of the population by the event has dwindled. I'd say 25% of the population consists of nationalists who will follow Bush to their death. That number is higher than I'd like but it certainly isn't enough to carry the republicans in November.

  3. Americans are only "fans" of war when the perceptible personal impact of the war on their lives is zero. When bombing Iran causes oil to spike to 2 - 3x its current price, there will be hell to pay. Anyone who spends 20 seconds a day reading/watching the news can connect the dots between bombing Iran and subsequent delivery problems from the middle east followed by economic contraction. Bush may even lose some support among hardened social conservatives in rural areas since they will suffer the greatest impact from rising gas prices.

  4. Bush will have no room to blame democrats for the subsequent recession, and fanning Arab racism isn't going to bring anyone else on board at this point.

Here's my cynicism - the only way to stoke the nationalism again is to arrange for a terrorist event on US soil or luck out and have one occur. That is fraught with peril as well, though - one of Bush's big themes is his claim that the US is much more secure today than it was pre 9-11. Bush has nothing left to exploit.
"When bombing Iran causes oil to spike to 2 - 3x its current price, there will be hell to pay."

Once the bombing starts, it's too late.  What happens in the election that follows may not be all that important anymore.  Yeah, once you jump off that bridge, you may well be in leagal trouble - but that may be the least of your troubles.

   Spengler (not one of my personal favorites, because I still hold out hope for some rationality in the world) at Asia Times On Line, disagrees with you.  I hope to hell you are right, but fear that you are not.
 
why would broadening the war reverse that trend?

Cheney may think that bombing of the nuclear sites can be carried out with surgical precision, just as he thought that the Iraqi's would greet the Marines as liberators, with flowers.  These wingnuts have surrounded themselves with sycophants who say 'Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full'. They kill dissent, remember.  I'm sure Cheney has sold the bombing as a way for Bush to get his ratings and his historical legacy back to where it was just after reading "My Pet Goat".

I'd say 25% of the population consists of nationalists who will follow Bush to their death.
 Rather than 'nationalists' I would characterize them as unthinking religious zealots.  It's important to realize that, in survey after survey, 15% of adult Americans do not know the name of their president.  So we know that the ignorance rate in the US is remarkably high.

Americans are only "fans" of war when the perceptible personal impact of the war on their lives is zero.
 I would say they are fans of war when it plays well on TV, and I think the old Iraqi war is getting stale.  So perhaps fresh bombing will bring them back to life.

Bush will have no room to blame democrats for the subsequent recession
Bush will then start pounding the table for alternative energy initiatives, so that America can become self-reliant.  He will frame himself as Moses, leading the masses out of the wilderness.

Don't put any of this past our exalted leader.  I remember reading a little book (forgotten the name) in 1999 about Bush.  The gist of it was that, guaranteed, if elected, Bush would find a way to destroy America.  How prescient.

I couldn't agree more with your point about whether they knew.  I find it astounding that many people still debate this, as if a few bazillion people online and writing books have it figured out, but all these people with access to the best intelligence resources in the world, plus lots of low friends in high places in the oil business, didn't.

As for the "last man standing" thing, I don't know if this crowd is thinking even that far ahead.  I think they're just looking at what we need to keep afloat and not giving a rat's asterisk for anyone else.


I have the sense that they know, but they are frozen, like a deer in the headlights.  Some are hoping that technology will come to the rescue in some way or another, or hope that people like Yergin are right.  Or that some massive discovery will be found somewhere.  Or that we can just go back to coal again.

Let me put it this way - if you were in power, what would you do?  What message would you send?  Remember the lesson of Jimmy Carter - people won't like messages about conservation.  For that matter, the oil and coal companies will trot out the usual old nags from their stable of so-called experts who will try and insist that there isn't even a problem.

They have had programs about the Titanic on TV the past few days - I suppose because the anniversary is coming up.  It strikes me that back then people started out with the assumption that the boat was unsinkable.  Later on they had hopes that the stern of the boat would make a good lifeboat, or that another ship would come by to rescue them.  In some ways this is a good metaphor for how humanity will deal with peak oil.

Glenn Greenwald's post today Does the debate over Iran matter? is highly germane to this discussion here and in the comments I found a link to a video clip from Cspan of Her Most Horribleness, Condi Rice 'testifying' before Congress. "Last man standing"? No, craziest MF standing in a world gone mad. And we all know Lord Acton's observation that a person's sense of morality lessens as his or her power increases. I hope George likes bass.
Hello Peakguy,

I agree.  The instant TPTB abandoned what Prez Carter kickstarted with his 'Sweater Speech'-- it has been the elite-driven 'last man standing' mindset.  I originally posted this years ago-->Yucca Mountain, Nevada is a taxpayer-funded super-bunker for the Topdogs, with Area 51 providing defense.  We'll see if my WAG comes true.

National Powerdown is the better alternative if we can somehow motivate the unwashed masses in time.

Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

Area 51 providing defense?  There are several hotels with a small airstrip seven miles away.  They have captured soviet weapons and a couple scuds.  What defense will that provide and against what enemy?  I'm glad you saw the last Terminator movie but thats not what it is like.
Hello Oilrig Medic,

This is all highly sci-fi speculative, of course, but other political leaders have historically retreated to bunkers before when the going got rough.

$9 billion bucks have been spent to make 5 miles of underground tunnels, with billions more allocated to enlarge it in the years ahead.  It is not expected to open for nuclear wastes before 2020 at the earliest [well after Peakoil?], and the topdogs keep shifting the opening date back.

But this huge facility could be stocked with water, food, guns, and other future survival goods in a short timeframe if TSHTF.  Then recall how many soldiers died trying to dislodge well dug-in cave inhabitants in WWII.

http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/nevada/2006/apr/13/041310270.html

Yucca Mountain project: http://www.ymp.gov

I could be entirely wrong, afterall it is just a WAG.  But if my prediction does comes true, the irony will be awful.  How many taxpayers do you know with confirmed Yucca reservations, and why do Bush and Cheney have advanced eco-tech housing?

Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

I do not have any doubt they have and have had a very clear picture for some time now. Mike Ruppert in his better moments has made a very good case for this. The energy task force chaired by Cheney early on certainly dealt with this. 9-11 was as loud an announcement as one can imagine of peak oil (not to get that going again -- but it was.) This administration is filled with oil people -- it's totally impossible that they are unconscious of this. Even the oil companies that seem to be in denial are perfectly well aware of it -- else why the clumsy lies? Look at the Exxon Mobil ads. You know they know. It has driven and is driving EVERYTHING so far this century, and it wasn't without influence in the prior one.
I wanted to bring an exchange with Stuart Staniford over here from yesterday's open thread. Stuart's replies are in italics.

Are, now we are getting somewhere.  We agree that you do not understand why oil prices are high :-)

I did not suggest that I don't understand why prices are high. I am saying that the market fundamentals don't support such a high price. There are many reasons oil is high, but investor psychology is an important factor that you seem to overlook. People pay too much for things all the time. I have been predicting for a while that what we should see is a divergence between oil and gasoline. Oil prices should drop back in the short term, and gasoline prices should rise (given that there is a true shortage). One insider told me though that many times he has seen high gas prices have the effect of supporting high oil prices. I told him this didn't make sense to me, but he said he has seen it happen on a number of occasions. I guess oil producers feel like since the refiners are getting a good price for gasoline, they can ask for a good price for the oil.

Yes, there's stock build.  The extra is around a weeks worth of supply on a global basis (treating missing barrels as stocks).  That's a pretty modest buffer given the geopolitics.  Not exactly tulip territory.  

Not tulip territory, but the ability to build inventories does not suggest supply constraints. Supply is certainly tighter than it used to be, but there is still excess capacity out there. When oil inventories start to get drawn down faster than they can be replenished, then you have a problem. That's what is happening right now with gasoline inventories.

I maintain that you are confused about what it means for there to be a problem with supply.  According to your test, oil is only in short supply when you can't call someone and get some.  

No. It's not because I can call someone and get oil. I can call almost any supplier and get oil. There is a big difference. When you start having a number of suppliers say that supplies are tight, or suppliers start to put refiners on allocation, that will be an indicator that there is a supply problem.  

I want to make a few additional points. Refiners are spending billions to expand refineries. Do you think they would be doing that if they had not secured their supplies? Do you think Saudi would be building a big new refining complex if they thought they were about to peak? I maintain that there is a lot of information that you don't know, and you are making conclusions based on incomplete information. For example, are you aware that the posted price of oil is not necessarily what refiners pay for it? Unadvertised discounts take place all the time with various suppliers. Nobody wants to advertise these discounts, because they don't want to give them to everyone.

Also, you had mentioned margins. I just ran across this in the Kansas City Star: "But the refineries have seen their margins increase dramatically. This week the margin, which is the difference between the cost of crude oil and the cost of gasoline, rose to 43 cents a gallon, nearly double the margins of a year ago."

I will make a prediction. One of these days, you will look back and say "Well, I guess Robert was right". Production will increase from here. It may remain a bit flat until refiners can get finished with some expansion projects, and it may remain a bit flat while the 3 big Gulf Coast refineries are still down, but as refinery constraints are eased you will see production pick up for at least a few more years. That's my prediction.

RR

I've wondered before whether what you say about refineries applies beyond North America, and whether the fact that the difference between the WTI price and that of other blends is less than ever, might not indicate that it doesn't.
I am not sure about the international refining situation. But I would bet that since Saudi is spending billions building a big, new refining complex, they are pretty sure they have the oil to fill it up with.

RR

Since Saudi can determine where their crude oil will go, and, under ANY scenario, they will still be pumping a couple of million barrels/day for a LONG time, their refineries will be properly busy long after most others have been cut up for scrap.

The Saudi refineries are uniquely free of "crude supply risk".

Bingo.  We have to be extremely careful about extrapolating from one (decidedly non-representative) case to the entire world.

The thing I'm most interested in regarding refineries is how much capacity, if any, is being upgraded/converted to handle heavy, sour crude, such as the 312 billion barrels that Chavez says Venezuela has.

Here's an excellent short presentation by Baker & O'Brien (U.S. specific, mainly graph-based):

Status of the U.S. Refining Industry

Some two-thirds of US refinery capacity can now handle the heavier crudes. However, total capacity vs demand is an issue, and the report predicts the rise in finished product imports will continue, becoming a year round affair rather than seasonal.

The graph for Gross Refining Margins shows just how profitable it is to process the heavier crudes at present (margins are even higher now).

I'm sure they don't need even 9,5 mb a year to keep it filled - not even close, in fact. But domestic Saudi consumption is rising rapidly.
robert..the saudis may be building those refineries for other reasons then a expectation of greater production....one that comes to mind is a close processing point for the heavy crude that nobody seems to want. that way, they get a new income stream at the elevated, finished product level, and aren't penalised for the lower cost structure of heavy crude. in fact, like valero, they should be very pleased with the financial results.
The only thing is, it's not just the Saudis who are expanding refining capacity. Big Oil is investing billions into expanding refineries. They don't do this unless they have confidence that the oil production can meet their demands. If Big Oil is betting billions, isn't it possible that they know a thing or two about future oil supplies?

RR

On the contrary, history has shown they have historically failed to read their own tea leaves.  Lots of misread signals and missed opportunities.
Given the price to build a single refinery today and the output from same (say in the 350kbpd range), "billions" while sounding like a great amount may not mean much.

Could you provide references, number of projects, etc.? I am aware of none personally though I am aware of some expansions of existing refineries down here in Texas. I would be very curious to see exactly how much capacity they plan to add. Is it 1mbpd? 5mbpd? 40mbpd (to meet the projected 120mbpd total demand of 2025)? My impression of both the IOCs and the NOCs is that the total capacity planned does not amount to much more than a few million barrels per day total but I would love to see firm figures on this.

Note that I am not talking about building new refineries. Other than the group that is attempting to get the permits to build one in Arizona, and another group who has been making inquiries in Illinois, I am not aware of any talk of building any new refineries. It is much cheaper to expand existing refineries.

Regarding a list of projects, I would have to find something in the public domain. I know that when my CEO testified before the senate last fall, he reported that our investments in capital projects over the past three years have been greater than our profits over the past three years. Not all of that has been for expansion projects, but a significant portion has been.

RR

That, my friend, is primarily a product of rising costs, rather than a massive financial push to expand refining capacity. Decreasing marginal returns on investment.  Look at the cost of rigs today, versus a few years ago.  Same for the labor to run them.  WestTexas (and others) has had a few excellent posts on this forum in the past on this phenomenon.
Four Points:

(1)  No one knows what percentage of the build in inventories (or of current imports) consists of light, sweet versus heavy, sour crude oil.  The historically high spread between light, sweet and heavy, sour suggests that light, sweet supplies are far tighter than heavy, sour supplies.  Which would peak first:  light, sweet or heavy, sour?

(2)  Of the four large oil fields currently producing one mbpd or more, three are known to be in decline (Cantarell, the second largest producing field in the world, is facing a catastrophic decline).  The only remaining question is Ghawar, and given its age and recent development history, it could start showing a catastrophic decline any day now.  

(3)  The following regions all had production declines in the vicinity of 50% of Qt, based on the HL method:  Texas; Lower 48; total US; Russia and the North Sea.   Two later showed increases:  Total US, because of Alaska, and Russia, because of a rebound from the post-Soviet collapse.  In neither case did production ever equal the peak production in the vicinity of 50% of Qt.  The world is at 50% of Qt.    Texas, the Lower 48 and the North Sea serve as excellent models for the world.  There were no new producing provinces just coming on line and there were no political problems.  In all three cases, when the three regions hit about 50%, it was all downhill.  

(4)  Saudi Arabia, based on the HL method, is precisely at the same point at which Texas, the prior swing producer, peaked in 1972.   I'm sure Texas oilmen were also confident of their continued ability to grow production--right on the threshold of a permanent and irreversible production decline, despite a 1,000% increase in oil prices, a record drilling boom and an increase in the number of producing oil wells.    


Four Points:

I will comment on 2 of them.

(1)  No one knows what percentage of the build in inventories (or of current imports) consists of light, sweet versus heavy, sour crude oil.  The historically high spread between light, sweet and heavy, sour suggests that light, sweet supplies are far tighter than heavy, sour supplies.  Which would peak first:  light, sweet or heavy, sour?

I have commented on this before. Light sweet will certainly peak first, and may have already done so. But the concern over heavy crude is overblown in my mind. Refineries have invested a lot, and continue to do so, to process heavy, sour crudes. If the inventory builds are due primarily to heavier crudes, that means the refineries can handle those heavy crudes. And if a refinery is configured to handle the heavy, sour stuff (coker and a hydrotreater) then there is very little drop off in the overall yield versus the light stuff. If they aren't configured to run heavy crude, then yes, they will end up with a bunch of residue that is essentially roofing tar. But cokers can take that residue and turn it into gasoline.

I'm sure Texas oilmen were also confident of their continued ability to grow production--right on the threshold of a permanent and irreversible production decline, despite a 1,000% increase in oil prices, a record drilling boom and an increase in the number of producing oil wells.

That is not the gist of my argument. I am not "confident in the continued ability to grow production". My argument is based on the fact that I know many suppliers throughout Canada, Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota who are sitting on spare production. So they don't have to grow production, they already have it and it isn't being reflected in the production statistics. All they have to do is crank it up and sell it to the refiners. But the refiners are bottlenecked, and so that bottlenecks the producers. I will smell a peak in production when producers start allocating oil to refiners (although that can still be due to supply/demand issues). That will be my big red flag.

RR

"Cokers & Hydrotreaters"

Don't these use LARGE amounts of natural gas ?

As an outsider with some LIMITED industry connections, I have thought of these as "Coke + natural gas to liquids" plants.

Plants are generally configured to handle a variety of feeds for heating, depending on which is most economic at the time. When natural gas gets expensive, they will use fuel oil or fuel gas produced as a byproduct of oil production. Hydrotreaters use hydrogen, which is generally produced from natural gas in a hydrogen plant. But if it is just a hydrotreater and not a hydrocracker, the hydrogen demand is not too extreme.

RR

In terms of size, I think that there is the "oil bidness" that I am in and the Oil Business.  The true Oil Business consists of one Gb and larger fields.  IMO, that is also why the HL method works for Texas, Lower 48, etc.  

We are still finding oil in Texas, but when the East Texas Field rolled over and went downhill, we could not begin to makeup for the decline.  That is what we are facing today with the Ghawar Field, et al. In terms of crude + condensate, the Ghawar Field alone produces about as much oil as the entire US.

The 4 biggest oil fields in the world (based on reserves) are in decline

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/1/26/9229/79300

Jerome a Paris

My argument is based on the fact that I know many suppliers throughout Canada, Montana, Wyoming, and North Dakota who are sitting on spare production. So they don't have to grow production, they already have it and it isn't being reflected in the production statistics

Yes I also have the feeling that there is currently an overshoot of the oil price due to supply concerns, creating a temporary glut... probably 5-10$ from the oil price is just a "fear premium". The good news is that this provides enough or even a surplus of oil for those who can afford it. The bad news is that this does not mean that the overal world production of oil is not peaking.

Overshot prices would mean demand destruction (or growth of demand supression) in poor countries, providing for temporary surplus in rich countries. For some people PO has arrived, and we are simply going to follow by in a few years... meanwhile the amount of suffering in the 3rd world would be unknowable.

Oil prices have had a built in "fear premium" since the 1970's. Nothing new there.
can the excess capacity you smell in north dakota, wyoming, montana and canada offset the coming declines in Cantarell and possibly other places if a global peak is nigh?

In other words, any meaningful drop in world export capacity could make those 'excess crude available' phone calls disappear quite quickly.

It is hard to get a feel for just how much extra capacity exists there. But my point is not that the extra capacity will offset the declines in the future, but that they can at the moment. In other words, we are not at peak right now.

How long that situation will last is hard to say. But based on the projects scheduled to come online, combined with the excess capacity that exists now, I would guess that the peak is a minimum of 3 years away. A catastrophic decline in a couple of really big fields could change all of that pretty quickly, but that's how the view looks to me from here.

RR

You mean like Bergen (Kuwait) or Cantarell (Mexico) or the North Sea (UK)?  Already happening.
At 84 mbpd at $40 per barrel there was no excess capacity. At 84 mbpd at $69 per barrel there is excess capacity.

The conclusion is obvious to anyone who bothers to think. We've had demand destruction, starting in the very poorest nations first so that the wealthy nations can continue driving their SUVs and living in McMansions. The evidence is all around us if you bother to look. This does not mean that there is going to be a growth in capacity or that oil prices will come down. If they drop, the poorer nations will resume buying again which puts us right back in the demand destruction scenario until there is excess capacity. What we're going to get, Robert, is volatility.

However, this raises a point that I've not seen considered so far. Why does oil have to jump to $200 or $300 per barrel anytime in the near term? On the road from $20 per barrel oil to $69 per barrel oil we've seen many poorer players bow out. How many more will bow out if oil rises another $10? $20?

It's not clear to me at all that even in the event of losing 25% of the world's oil through the Straits of Hormuz due to open warfare (should that occur) that oil would have to rise so far. I don't think we have a global model to predict how much demand would be cut from the market by various price increases. It might be entirely possible that as much as a third of global consumption might be driven out of the market by as little as $30 per barrel more and at $100 per barrel, most of the first world could still continue to function (with adaptive behaviors kicking in).

It may be that $200 per barrel oil is where the cut line comes if we lose 25% of global production due to war. But that's clearly just a WAG. Has anyone found a way to model this question? I know we talk about how US consumption growth was nearly flat in the late 70s throug mid 80s due to the price shocks of the 70s but has anyone looked at global consumption for the same periods and extrapolated that to current consumption?

This has occurred to me, too.  We could go on for a long time, just forcing those poorer than us to conserve.  Even if it comes to taking their food and turning it into fuel for our Hummers.  

As long as they keep taking our dollars, anyway...

And there in lies the rub.....
More debt requires more credit. We're already living off the excess savings of the rest of the world. If energy prices rise further, there may be precious little of that left to come this way.
I think this is a crucial point. There seems to be an assumption that the 'rich' US will be able to crowd out 'poorer' nations.

The US is tremendously wealthy in national balance sheet terms, but its current account deficit may top $1 trillion in 2006, and if at some point the dollar slumps due to foreign central banks diversifying their reserves away from US debt, then oil could easily go to $90/barrel or more - even if the supply situation isn't desperately tight.

The effective price Europeans (for example) would be paying for oil would remain unchanged, but the shock for the US could be dramatic.

At some point the US has got to export something rather than 'promises to pay' for the energy resources it's importing from the rest of the world.

We export TheOilDrum. And corn. And movies. We're in good shape.
     Don't forget Brittany and iPods...
     Don't you know?  This is a whole new paradigm--  they sweat, we think!
"Don't forget Brittany and iPods..."

I am sure that Ipods are manufactured in China.  God knows where Brittany was manufactured.

Shame you cannot get his history of oil in the USA:

http://www.robnewman.com/news.html

It was on more4 last night.

It was hilarious (US Dollar and debt compared with Salvadore Dali's final years and his cheques that were never cashed...)

For those in the UK its repeated on more4 on April 15th at 11:45 pm.

But try his site or just type Robert Newman Oil into google.

Robert Newman's History of oil
212MB torrent here
Does anyone know of a chart which shows nation by nation oil consumption numbers?  I have not seen any definitive statistics showing that poorer countries are importing less oil now than in the past, which would confirm the suspicion that demand destruction is occurring there.
There is a table from BP that you can look at to check this theory. Unfortunately it only goes to 2004, when prices had just started to rise ($40-45 on average). It looks like the smallest yoy (2003/2004) increase was in Europe (1.8%) and North America (2.8%), compared to much larger increases in Asia-Pacific (5.2%), Middle East (5.2%) and Africa (3.4%). So maybe the effect of a price increase is smaller than the natural trend of these developping "poorer" countries to increase consumption.

Of course, it would be interesting to see what the numbers for 2005 look like.

And here are some numbers for 2005 versus 2004 from EIA (Excel file).

Year    OECD   World
2004    49.5   82.5
2005    49.5   83.6
(numbers are million barrels per day)

So it looks like the rich OECD is flat while the rest of the world consumes more oil despite the increase in prices. Remember that per capita they still consume very little compared to the average American.

The raw numbers may not be the whole story.  As has been pointed out before, part of our increase in "efficiency" since the '70s has been outsourcing.  Roughly half, according to most estimates.  

From the news stories coming from Africa, it sounds like a lot of their energy is used by industry - mining and manufacturing.  How much of what is produced - everything from plastics to platinum - ends up being shipped to OECD countries?  Goods that magically appear, without taking any energy to mine or produce, at least according to the statistics.

At 84 mbpd at $40 per barrel there was no excess capacity. At 84 mbpd at $69 per barrel there is excess capacity.

There was excess capacity at $40/bbl. To my knowledge, Canada has never produced to the limit of their capacity. Downstream refineries have never had a problem getting all the oil they can process from Canada.

The conclusion is obvious to anyone who bothers to think. We've had demand destruction, starting in the very poorest nations first so that the wealthy nations can continue driving their SUVs and living in McMansions.

That would explain an increase in available supply, but would have no effect on the capacity to produce. The present day capacity to produce is not affected by demand destruction. Demand destruction will simply mean there is more gasoline and diesel to go around at a constant production capacity.

RR

That would explain an increase in available supply, but would have no effect on the capacity to produce. The present day capacity to produce is not affected by demand destruction. Demand destruction will simply mean there is more gasoline and diesel to go around at a constant production capacity.

Exactly. QFT.

Your thoughts about oil price seem to be all based on supply/demand, but I'm wondering whether when the investors realize how incredibly and permanently scarce this commodity will be in 10 years, wouldn't those with the capital to invest in a large quatity now for $200/barrel be able to expect huge returns in very few years, assuming there is any market still to sell it on? Seems to me that from an investment perspective, $200/barrel is a massive steal right now.
One could make the exact same argument about many different things. Take land, for instance. They aren't making any more. The population is growing. Its value would therefore appear to be very high. But how high?

That's the problem with oil. In the long run, you certainly want to be long. In the short term, the volatility might kill you. Crude oil stocks are so high in the U.S. that I see some significant risk of a correction, even though over the long term oil will certainly be extremely valuable.

RR

Take land, for instance. They aren't making any more.

Sure they are.

Over 500 acres of new land have been created in Hawaii County since 1997.

That's not new. Just recycled. :^)

RR

Local saying: The Big Island, getting bigger all the time!
RR-
Thank you for your insightful and educated commentary. If youre right about excess crude capacity in North America, what will happen if end product (gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel) continues to increase and we perpetually have a shortage of refining capacity and surplus of crude?

Could we see $50 crude and $4 gasoline? New refinery capacity cant be built too fast, and refiners are aware of peak oil so they are unlikely to build out something to meet your excess capacity if its only going to be there for a few years...?

Reading between the lines, you are implicitly advocating a short crude/long gasoline futures spread as a profitable trade... I happen to agree but wanted your thoughts (not on the investment but the theory)
thanks

Also,
you mentioned that the EROI of oil to gas was 10:1. Do you have any recent links to that? Because combined with EROI of oil at 10:1, you end up with EROI of 5-1 as finished gasoline product and the Brazilians are saying sugar cane ethanol is 8:1. (which would be better than gasoline). This I found intriguing as the data Ive seen show 53,000 square miles of brazil devoted to production with potential of 1,000,000 sq kms. An increase of almost 20x..

I am well aware that corn-to-ethanol is a hoax. but what about sugar cane? We already grow lots of it in Louisiana and other states - could we replace some southern midwest corn with sugarcane?

long post - thanks in advance.

If youre right about excess crude capacity in North America, what will happen if end product (gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel) continues to increase and we perpetually have a shortage of refining capacity and surplus of crude?

I think it is a situation a lot like Peak Oil, without the level of panic that will ensue after we do recognize that a peak has occurred. I think fuel prices will spiral higher and higher, and refining margins will be good. I think it will take a bite out of everyone's budget, and they will demand that the government "do something about those darn oil companies making all that money off of their misery".

Could we see $50 crude and $4 gasoline?

I have had a pretty well-placed source tell me that producers are reluctant to lower crude prices when the end products are going for a good price. I think supplies are just tight enough that they can get away with this. If there was a lot of spare capacity out there, then you might see that situation. But I personally don't believe we will ever see $50 oil again. I have been saying this for over a year, and many of my colleagues have disagreed with me. Some have suggested to me that there is a real danger of a price collapse in oil in the short term, but I think the fear and the high gasoline prices work against that.

Reading between the lines, you are implicitly advocating a short crude/long gasoline futures spread as a profitable trade... I happen to agree but wanted your thoughts (not on the investment but the theory)

The theory is very sound, but investor psychology is something I can never quite get a handle on. I remember when tech stocks went up so much. I kept thinking I should short, and they just kept going up. I know people who were wiped out by shorting too soon. The theory was exactly correct, but you have to deal with all of those darn people making investment decisions that don't necessarily make sense.

Because combined with EROI of oil at 10:1, you end up with EROI of 5-1 as finished gasoline product and the Brazilians are saying sugar cane ethanol is 8:1.

I haven't seen a whole lot of data around sugar cane ethanol. If the energy balance is that good, then I would be all for it. If they don't have to use a lot of fertilizer, and the alcohol in the crude ethanol product is pretty high, then I could see it. What kills the energy balance for grain ethanol is 1). Energy intensive fertilizer; and 2). A distillation in which you are starting off with something like 5% ethanol and 95% water. That is a real energy hog.

I am curious. Does anyone have any data on the energy requirements of sugar cane ethanol? I guess the single most significant piece of information I would want to know is how high is the ethanol concentration after fermentation.

RR

I emailed you a paper by Prof. Rogério Cezar de Cerqueira Leite in Brazil. I cant find a public link to it.

I am very against ethanol and the 8:1 EROI just doesnt jive with what other things Ive read but if true, there does exist some scalability. Clearly there are 'different' EROIs as well, depending on the boundaries. As Ive mentioned before, Im working on more formally defining the differing definitions of EROI, to include indirect energy (like tractors, highways and health insurance) or even broader, to include loss of ecosystem services.

As energy production on the planet is still on the upswing, these wider boundaries dont seem relevant or interesting, but as we roll over the peak in high quality dense energy, I assure you the definition of what is considered in the 'energy invested' denonminator will increase

I emailed you a paper by Prof. Rogério Cezar de Cerqueira Leite in Brazil. I cant find a public link to it.

I am out of the office tomorrow, but I will check it out on Monday. Thanks for sending it. I will read it carefully.

RR

Howdy Guys,

Thought I'd do a little digging on the items you both are discussing.  RR, based on the sources I have read (below) the maximum concentration of sugar-based ethanol fermentation is 10-15%.  The bacteria mentioned in the sources, Z. mobilis, has a fairly large ethanol tolerance compared to other alcohol-producing organisms, so that concentration is probably as high as can be fermented (with current bacteria).

Sources:
http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jitkangl/Fermentation%20of%20Ethanol/Fermentation%20of%20Ethanol.htm
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jul10/articles14.htm
*The figures are buried in these papers.  Just search for "ethanol tolerance."

I did have one question.  Though the EROIE isn't stellar, the fact that it's better than 1 indicates the produced energy is greater than the fossil energy inputs.  I liked Stuart's take on it; it's a little like a multiplier for our remaining fossil fuels.  Any thoughts?

J

Thought I'd do a little digging on the items you both are discussing. RR, based on the sources I have read (below) the maximum concentration of sugar-based ethanol fermentation is 10-15%. The bacteria mentioned in the sources, Z. mobilis, has a fairly large ethanol tolerance compared to other alcohol-producing organisms, so that concentration is probably as high as can be fermented (with current bacteria).

I don't think that 15% ethanol will be high enough to justify an 8/1 energy return. But I will wait to read some more before I make any firm statements.

I did have one question. Though the EROIE isn't stellar, the fact that it's better than 1 indicates the produced energy is greater than the fossil energy inputs. I liked Stuart's take on it; it's a little like a multiplier for our remaining fossil fuels. Any thoughts?

Two thoughts. First of all, if an energy source is subsidized, and doesn't have a very good EROEI, you are paying a very steep price to displace a single gallon of gasoline. I have blogged about this, but I found a source last night that does a better job of explaining it:

http://zfacts.com/p/60.html

Second, I try to consider how much energy you could actually generate for an investment of X BTUs. In the case of gasoline, an investment of 1 BTU will generate something like 5 BTUs. You used 1 to net 4. In the case of ethanol, you use 1 to generate 1.34, and that's only if you are taking BTU credit for the co-products. Actual fuel in versus fuel out  is very close to 1, even using the USDA's numbers. But gasoline is not renewable, and that is a valid criticism. But other renewable energy sources have far better EROEI's than  (grain) ethanol. So if we have BTUs to invest, we should use them wisely. Ethanol takes a lot of natural gas to make. The energy balance is simply not good enough to justify using it as fuel, while eroding valuable cropland in search of a pseudo-solution.

RR

I don't think that 15% ethanol will be high enough to justify an 8/1 energy return. But I will wait to read some more before I make any firm statements.

I agree, that does sound off, and I definitely could be wrong.  Also, they may be using the bagasse as fuel in some way, but not counting it in their energy returns.  If you find out for sure, I'd sure like to hear.

Two thoughts. First of all, if an energy source is subsidized, and doesn't have a very good EROEI, you are paying a very steep price to displace a single gallon of gasoline.

I wasn't really considering the economic implications, but I should.  Thanks for the link.

Second, I try to consider how much energy you could actually generate for an investment of X BTUs. In the case of gasoline, an investment of 1 BTU will generate something like 5 BTUs. You used 1 to net 4.

I believe you mentioned this earlier.  For ethanol, all non-renewable energy inputs are counted in the energy calculations.  I believe that the EROIE for gasoline, however, doesn't count the crude oil input as energy.  For the sake of consistency, the crude oil does need to be counted to really compare the two processes.

Suppose, for example, that you have 10 BTU's worth of energy in the form of crude oil.  You can turn it into gasoline which will entail some energy inputs and losses in processing.  Lets say, then, that it takes 1.5 BTU's of energy (in the form of heat, horsepower, etc.) and the remainder of the original 10 BTU's of crude oil.  Thus, 10 BTU's input for 8.5 BTU's of output.  If you were to turn the crude oil into ethanol, however, you would consume those 10 BTU's in making 13.4 BTU's of energy.  

I'm oversimplifying some things, I know, but I believe that the overall idea is correct.

Joseph

I believe you mentioned this earlier. For ethanol, all non-renewable energy inputs are counted in the energy calculations. I believe that the EROIE for gasoline, however, doesn't count the crude oil input as energy. For the sake of consistency, the crude oil does need to be counted to really compare the two processes.

That's just the thing, though. If you are going to do the energy balance for oil that way, you have to also do the energy balance for ethanol that way. That is not what they are doing. By definition, doing the energy balance this way the efficiency can't be greater than 100%. You always expend some energy refining the crude (oil or ethanol) to finished products. But oil is being counted in 1 way, and ethanol is being counted in another way.

Suppose, for example, that you have 10 BTU's worth of energy in the form of crude oil. You can turn it into gasoline which will entail some energy inputs and losses in processing. Lets say, then, that it takes 1.5 BTU's of energy (in the form of heat, horsepower, etc.) and the remainder of the original 10 BTU's of crude oil. Thus, 10 BTU's input for 8.5 BTU's of output. If you were to turn the crude oil into ethanol, however, you would consume those 10 BTU's in making 13.4 BTU's of energy.

You are looking at 2 completely different ways of comparing the 2. This is not an apples to apples comparison. In the first case, you consumed 1.5 BTUs to net out 8.5 BTUs. In the second case, you consumed 10 BTUs to net out 3.4. BTUs. I could have consumed those 10 BTUs instead to net out 57 BTUs of gasoline in this case (using the 85% efficiency number). All you are seeing by the ethanol advocates is some sleight of hand accounting designed to make ethanol look better. In no way, comparing apples to apples, does ethanol win the efficiency matchup.

RR

Well, technically, the creation of ethanol DOES make this mans evolutionary gene pool more efficient.
Their CEO is a lawyer? Why am I not surprised?

RR

That's just the thing, though. If you are going to do the energy balance for oil that way, you have to also do the energy balance for ethanol that way.

You are looking at 2 completely different ways of comparing the 2. This is not an apples to apples comparison. In the first case, you consumed 1.5 BTUs to net out 8.5 BTUs. In the second case, you consumed 10 BTUs to net out 3.4. BTUs. I could have consumed those 10 BTUs instead to net out 57 BTUs of gasoline in this case (using the 85% efficiency number). All you are seeing by the ethanol advocates is some sleight of hand accounting designed to make ethanol look better.

I'm sorry, RR, but I don't believe I am using two different methods.  As I mentioned, in both cases, all non-renewable resources count as inputs.  You and I both acknowledge that you can consume 10 BTU's to produce 13.4 BTU's (gross) of ethanol.  This takes into account, I believe, everything required: equipment, fertilizer, seeds, fuel, etc.  You say that you could use those same 10 BTU's of crude to make 57 BTU's of gasoline.  But the crude oil (57 BTU's) that becomes the gasoline is an input.  If you didn't use it to make gasoline, you could instead turn it into (57)(1.34) BTU's of ethanol.

In a nutshell: I can take 10 BTU's worth of fuel, equipment, fertilizer, etc. and turn it into 13.4 BTU's of ethanol.  Please tell me how I can turn just this 10 BTU's worth of your choice of fossil fuels into 57 BTU's of gasoline.

If you use Roberts reference of 10:1 EROI for crude oil (Ive seen higher - more like 20:1). Then instead of taking 10 BTUS of oil energy and turning it into 13.4 BTUs of ethanol, I can take the 10 BTUS and turn it into 100 BTUs (or 200 BTUS) of new crude oil. (and without displacing food production, though still with some environmental costs).

Technologies with EROI's >1 give some SMALL renewable portion of energy but not nearly enough to power current society. We need 5-1 or higher.

An interesting study would be to analyze what sort of energy return we would need to account for basic human needs (including healthy ecosystems) and back into that. How much of our 10-20:1 energy bounty is spent on NASCAR races, snowmobiling, etc when our dopamine needs could be equally met by pictionary and yahtzee?

Howdy TLS,

If you use Roberts reference of 10:1 EROI for crude oil (Ive seen higher - more like 20:1). Then instead of taking 10 BTUS of oil energy and turning it into 13.4 BTUs of ethanol, I can take the 10 BTUS and turn it into 100 BTUs (or 200 BTUS) of new crude oil. (and without displacing food production, though still with some environmental costs).

True, but you can't burn oil in cars.  However, for the sake of the argument, let's assume you can burn straight crude oil in your car.

You've got 10 BTU's worth of oil staring you in the face.  If you put it into your gas tank, you will get 10 BTU's worth of work out of it (discounting the car's efficiency, of course).  If you turn it into gasoline, you will get ~8 BTU's worth of work.  If you turn it into ethanol, you get 13.4 BTU's.  

No - you first turn the 10 BTUs of oil energy into 100 BTUS of new crude oil then (at refinery cost of 10%-see RR's previous posts) transform it into 90 BTUS of gasoline, which you can put in your car. In this example, you have 90 vs 13.4.

Neither is sustainable. But the point here is relying on ethanol as our saviour gives false premise to its sustainability. What about the water and soil loss? Have the scientists correctly analyzed the Oglala aquifer condition to see how many more seasons we can rely on consistent monster corn crops?

All this study on EROI and alternative fuels has taught me 2 things in essence:

  1. the energy density in liquid fossil fuels is awesome and will be near impossible to replace and
  2. the majority of societys problems in next generation will come from demand side - being happier with less, smaller footprint, etc. supply side aint gonna cut it.
You said that better than I did. Too many distractions for me this evening.

RR

You've got 10 BTU's worth of oil staring you in the face.  If you put it into your gas tank, you will get 10 BTU's worth of work out of it (discounting the car's efficiency, of course).  If you turn it into gasoline, you will get ~8 BTU's worth of work.  If you turn it into ethanol, you get 13.4 BTU's.

Last comment here before I go to bed. What you have proposed is a thought experiment that can't work in reality. You can't take 10 BTUs of oil and turn it into 13.4 BTUs of ethanol. The oil first has to be turned into usable products, so you have something like 8 BTUs of fossil fuel, which you can then turn into something like 8 BTUs of ethanol and a couple of BTUs of animal feed.

Second, you are making an assumption that you can use your 10 BTUs in a way I can't. You want to take them and use them to make ethanol, but you don't want me to use them to produce and refine more oil. That is a valid use, and gives you a true idea of the relative return of ethanol.

RR  

I'm sorry, RR, but I don't believe I am using two different methods. As I mentioned, in both cases, all non-renewable resources count as inputs.

You are certainly using 2 different methods. In the case of oil, you are counting the contained BTUs in the crude as inputs. If you do this, you have to account for ethanol in the same way, but you are not doing this. To do so would require you at some point to determine the contained BTUs (in the corn, or the crude ethanol). In this way, neither efficiency can be greater than 100% by definition. But in fact, the contained BTUs are not inputs. The BTUs you used to get the energy into a usable form are the actual inputs.

You and I both acknowledge that you can consume 10 BTU's to produce 13.4 BTU's (gross) of ethanol.

That's right. That is what is consumed. But you are confusing "consumed" BTUs with "contained" BTUs. The only BTUs you consume when turning oil into gasoline were the 1.5 that it took to refine the 8.5. The 8.5 are now usable. In the case of ethanol, you actually consumed the 10 BTUs. They are gone. All you have left that can be used is 3.4.

You say that you could use those same 10 BTU's of crude to make 57 BTU's of gasoline. But the crude oil (57 BTU's) that becomes the gasoline is an input. If you didn't use it to make gasoline, you could instead turn it into (57)(1.34) BTU's of ethanol.

Again, you are mixing up 2 different concepts. If you wish to consume the 10 BTUs, you can use half to get oil out of the ground at a 10/1 ratio, and then the other half to refine to gasoline at a 10/1 ratio. This is what you did in the case of ethanol. You consumed the BTUs.

In a nutshell: I can take 10 BTU's worth of fuel, equipment, fertilizer, etc. and turn it into 13.4 BTU's of ethanol. Please tell me how I can turn just this 10 BTU's worth of your choice of fossil fuels into 57 BTU's of gasoline.

You turned it into 13.4 BTUs by consuming it. If I wish to consume the BTUs, I can turn it into 50 something BTUs of gasoline by consuming it extracting more oil and refining it. Just like you used your 10 BTUs for fuel, fertilizer, natural gas, to make ethanol. You just ended up with far fewer net BTUs than I did.

RR

I was trying to watch The Colbert Report with my wife while I was writing that. I need to make a couple of corrections.

In the case of ethanol, you netted 3.4 BTUs, but you have 13.4 BTUs of usable energy. However, the point is that you consumed the 10 to do it. If you wanted to consume the 10 to make gasoline, you would end up with around 50 BTUs. You would have netted 40.

The 13.4 BTUs for ethanol isn't even correct. That is the number you get by taking BTU credit for co-products. In reality, you get only slightly more BTUs out that you put in (even using USDA numbers), plus some BTUs as co-product credits.

RR

Ok, as far as I can tell, the entire focus of our discussion is on whether or not crude oil should be counted as an energy input.  Specifically,  as though you believe that the actual volume of crude oil turned into gasoline (and its energy) isn't 'consumed.'  Now, I'll admit I'm playing it fast and loose with the word consumed, so perhaps I can ammend my statements for better clarity.  

Ok, with gasoline production, a portion of the 10 BTU's worth of crude oil, and its contained energy, is consumed (combusted) to supply the heat and horsepower for the refining process.  The other portion of the crude oil (with an energy content of 8.5 BTU's) is converted to gasoline (which will have an energy content of 8.5 BTU's).  Thus, none of the original amount of crude oil is left; it was either burned or used as feedstock and is now gasoline.  8.5 BTU's worth of gasoline (gross).

Now, with ethanol, all of the crude is either consumed (as process heat, horsepower) or converted to fertilizer or fuel which is eventually consumed in some kind of chemical process.  Thus, as with the gasoline production, all of the original crude is gone.  In this consumption, ethanol is produced.  13.4 BTU's worth of ethanol (gross).

In the case of oil, you are counting the contained BTUs in the crude as inputs. If you do this, you have to account for ethanol in the same way, but you are not doing this. To do so would require you at some point to determine the contained BTUs (in the corn, or the crude ethanol).

I believe that is exactly what all those studies try to calculate.  They add in the cost of the initial corn seeds, the water, and fertilizer that make up the feedstock inputs that are converted to corn and eventually ethanol.  It also includes all the energy that is consumed, as I have mentioned several times.  What it doesn't include, and what I think you are getting at with the 100% efficiency, is sunlight.  I believe this energy should not be counted because of its transient nature.  If a barrel of oil isn't consumed/converted, it will continue to stay in a usable form.  If sunlight falls on a barren plot of land, it doesn't do anything useful for humans; it is wasted.  This is a crucial point in the entire discussion.

In any case, I notice our little thread moving farther and farther right, and other people may not care as much.  Plus, I don't want everyone to know if I end up being wrong (Though I'm not...I'm a young engineer).  In any case, can we move this to email please?

Joseph

Other people do care as much, just because we are not responding does not mean we are not reading or not fascinated. If you are concerned with column width, start conversation in new comment post at bottom of thread(just make sure you direct people there).
Joseph, Ill email you directly with a longer response, but here is something that might clear it up. If youve ever played craps, youll know that some tables pay out the hardways 10 FOR 1 and others pay 9 TO 1 which basically means the same thing. EROI is the FOR one (while net energy accounting is the TO 1).

Lets uses the EROI of 1.2:1 for simplicity (instead of 1.34). That means for every BTU input we receive new energy of .2 units (not 1.2). (and by the way - all the above examples used oil and ethanol, which isnt really accurate, because ethanol is really combining the energy in natural gas or coal plus corn to get ethanol).

So to create 1 unit of 'new energy' we need FIVE inputs of fossil fuels (5 * 1.2 =6 then we back out the 5 investment to net out one new unit of energy)

I think part of the confusion is the for one/to one nomenclature.

Joseph-
this post getting long in the tooth - I emailed you some thoughts but also posted them at the bottom of this thread.
good luck
TLS
Howdy TLS,

Lets uses the EROI of 1.2:1 for simplicity (instead of 1.34). That means for every BTU input we receive new energy of .2 units (not 1.2). (and by the way - all the above examples used oil and ethanol, which isnt really accurate, because ethanol is really combining the energy in natural gas or coal plus corn to get ethanol).

I'm sorry, but wouldn't that mean that if the value were less than 1, you would get a negative energy value?  I believe you are saying that the 0.2 is a net gain, which I agree with.  However, the EROEI for gasoline is less than one.  For every one BTU of energy input (including feedstock and consumed/combusted fuel), you will get less than 1 BTU of energy out.  This is a net loss.

Both you and RR have mentioned that you can use your original 10 BTU's of energy to produce 100 or 200 more BTU's, which I must say is a very clever way to answer what I thought was an airtight question.  However, this solution doesn't solve our underlying disagreement: when you have your 10, 100, 1000, 1e20 BTU's of crude, what do you do with it?  You can still turn it into either end fuel.

And last, you are correct on the actual fossil fuels that are used.  And in truth, this is quite important.  The major input for gasoline is the crude oil feedstock, while for ethanol it is the industrial process energy (which I think means distillation energy) to be gained by either natural gas or coal. Since the two processes are largely decoupled, they could be undertaken concurrently, so it's less of an either/or situation that I was positing.

I believed that we were keeping it simple on purpose.  If you prefer, I can use the phrase "X BTU's of any distribution of fossil fuels."

Joseph

I believe that is exactly what all those studies try to calculate. They add in the cost of the initial corn seeds, the water, and fertilizer that make up the feedstock inputs that are converted to corn and eventually ethanol.

No. Those inputs are what were consumed to turn the corn into ethanol. The actual energy "created" in both cases (fossil fuels and ethanol) is captured solar energy. In the case of crude oil, you are including that as an input. To do so in the case of ethanol, you would have to calculate the BTU value of a barrel of crude ethanol, for instance, and do the same calculation you did for crude oil.

I thought about this a bit more last night, and I think I have a question designed to help you think this through. Let's say my objective is to create 10 BTUs of usable energy. How much energy will it take if you do it by making ethanol, and how much will we use if we do it by making gasoline? In the case of gasoline, we will have to input about 2 BTUs into the process to end up with 10. In the case of ethanol, we will have to input 10/1.34, or about 7.5 BTUs. It takes almost 4 times the BTU inputs - that is the BTUs that were actually consumed in the process - to produce the ethanol.

RR

No. Those inputs are what were consumed to turn the corn into ethanol. The actual energy "created" in both cases (fossil fuels and ethanol) is captured solar energy. In the case of crude oil, you are including that as an input. To do so in the case of ethanol, you would have to calculate the BTU value of a barrel of crude ethanol, for instance, and do the same calculation you did for crude oil.

I'm not sure why I'd have to calculate the BTU value of ethanol.  It is not an input into the overall ethanol process.  Perhaps I don't know what you are driving at.

It seems as though you are protesting the fact that sunlight is not counted as an energy input for ethanol production while it is for gasoline production.  This is partially true.  I am not taking into account the direct sunlight energy that makes the corn grow.  I am, however, taking into account the fossil fuel use (coal, ng, oil) in the fertilizer, equipment, etc that once came from solar energy.  Quite honestly, I am being consistent with the two analyses.  If it is a fossil fuel, it counts; otherwise, it doesn't.

However, the larger question is: is it fair not to count the present sunlight in the EROIE equations.  I say yes, because don't see sunlight as 'invested energy.'  I don't control this energy, and it will continue to bombard the earth regardless of whether or not I utilize it in some useful-to-man scheme.  Were I able to turn off the sun at will, then I would say that it should count.  If we can define 'use' as, "utilized in a way such that it no longer exists," then all the sunlight is used, everyday, regardless of anyone's actions.  

The same cannot be said for the fossil fuels, however.  I control this, and I can choose what I want to do with it.  Further, if I choose to do nothing with it today, it will be waiting for me tomorrow.  

More importantly to our discussion, the oil used as the feedstock for gasoline is being used - it no longer exists.  Had I not used it making gasoline, I could have used it to make more crude oil.  If you belive that the crude oil that is actually refined to form gasoline is not used, then please tell me in what way this crude oil exists and in what way it can be used again as crude oil.

I thought about this a bit more last night, and I think I have a question designed to help you think this through. Let's say my objective is to create 10 BTUs of usable energy. How much energy will it take if you do it by making ethanol, and how much will we use if we do it by making gasoline? In the case of gasoline, we will have to input about 2 BTUs into the process to end up with 10. In the case of ethanol, we will have to input 10/1.34, or about 7.5 BTUs. It takes almost 4 times the BTU inputs - that is the BTUs that were actually consumed in the process - to produce the ethanol.

Ok, you and I have done this several times now, and each time we dance around the issue: should the crude oil feedstock count in the energy balance equations.  I have stated above why I believe it to be so.  Please tell me why you believe it should not be.  

Joseph Munn

Howdy RR,

I forgot to mention this paper: http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/estreviewofethanollca.pdf.  It compares the various ethanol energy studies published from 1990 to present.  It also has a short mention toward the end (in the discussion section) about what I'm talking about.

J

I have read the study and corresponded with the author. He told me that he also thinks grain ethanol is a bad deal.

RR

The majority of the report's conclusions are in favor of ethanol production.  However, as the report focuses on energy returns only, other factors (environmental impact, economics, etc.) that are quite significant went unstated.  He probably knows his stuff, so I definitely need to find out more before coming to a decision.

However, as mentioned in his report,

The displaced gasoline also has upstream energy costs.  Graboski's publication provides sufficient data to calculate an energy return on investment for gasoline, yielding rE=0.76. This provides an interesting perspective on Pimentel & Patzek's otherwise discouraging value for ethanol rE=0.84.  Even if their low value is correct, ethanol still appears to provide an improvement in fossil fuel consumption when it is used to displace gasoline on a MJ-for-MJ basis.

What factors exists such that you still believe ethanol to be worse than gasoline based solely on the energy return?

Joseph

The majority of the report's conclusions are in favor of ethanol production.

I thought it was overall a good report, but he made a couple of mistakes that I pointed out to him. I can remember one was that he fell for using the 2 different accounting methods in comparing ethanol to gasoline. He agreed that the comparison methods were not the same. We had a couple of e-mail exchanges on the subject.

What factors exists such that you still believe ethanol to be worse than gasoline based solely on the energy return?

I addressed this in detail in the other post. Let me know if you still have questions after reading that. I don't believe ethanol's energy return is worse than gasoline's - I know it is. You just have to make sure you are using the same method to compare the 2.

RR

I have made 17% ethanol as tested by hygometer (my personal best) by simple fermentation in home winemaking.

The Must (working solution) was a mixture of 2.5lb liquid honey per british gallon of apple juice.

(as with any fruit wine, some pectianse enzime added helps it to clear properly)

Fermentation was done using "Champaign" wine yeast from the "You Brew"

After 2 years of aging in the cellar all I can say is that it would have been a great shame to refine that into motor fuel!

Not sure why they can only get 10% in a factory?

I would guess they could do better than that with a concentrated sugar solution, and by using enzymes instead of yeast or bacteria. But I don't know really much about making ethanol from sugar cane.

RR

Hmm... with a name like "Robert Rapier" I thought you would be a rum drinker (socialy of course) :) which is what we are talking about here more or less
Nah, I don't like the hard stuff. Too hard on the stomach. I don't even care much for wine. But I do like German beers. I lived in Germany for 2 years, and it's still one of things I miss the most: Getting a half liter of German beer for the equivalent of fifty cents.

RR

From this URL:http://www.nationalpak.com/sugarcaneFertilizer.asp

the following extract:

The nutrient requirements of sugarcane, especially NPK, are higher than those of any other commercial crop because of its high dry matter production per unit area. Normally a cane crop yielding 125 t/ha will remove about 84-101 kg of N, 56-57 kg of P (P2O5), and 168 kg of K (K2O) (Barnes 1970). Each fertilizer elements plays its role in the development and production of a normal cane crop. Nitrogen is essential for plant growth; phosphorus for developing roots, influencing the ripening process, and purifying the juice; and potassium for promoting cell activity and growth, increasing resistance to infection and lodging, and improving sucrose content.

That's certainly not going to help the energy balance.

RR

Nope, I am no farmer, but it seems like it uses about twice the Nitrogen (i.e. from N. Gas) as Corn. though the others also play into the eroei too.

What I have heard (sorry cant find a quote) is that it is a very efficient extractor, so you can go several years without much additional N. and yields are pretty good, then they fall off a cliff when nutrient depeletion is reached.

These same models keep showing up, north sea oil fields and sugar cane driven by the same shape of equation ;-}

units are per unit area farmed when I say twice the N
Periodically flood the area and renew nutrients with fresh silt.
I'd love to interject here with a nice crop. hemp. the only reason it's ilegal is the big oil loby in the fifties. that fact alone should conect a few dot as to it's usefullness. research it with an open mind (I understand that the folks pushing it  make that hard) and you will see hemp is an industrial "weed". low inputs low water grows allmost every were
Hello Robert, you have obviously been thinking about a lot of things and may indeed have insights into things that I do not. However, it appears that you are overlooking a number of things that influence the cracking spread.

Before I start on my list of additional factors consider that old Oil Drum favorite [maybe it is turning into a "meme"!], the relative inventory levels / prices of sweet light versus heavy sour crudes. The price spread is much larger than it has traditionally been indicating potentially at least two things [perhaps more or maybe in combination] --- your point concerning refining constraints --- but also and perhap more importantly a shortage of the light sweet stuff in a world of refining constraints.

You have noted in earlier posts that the EIA collects data on the relative stock levels, but you have never reported on the absolute or relative levels of light sweet versus heavy sour over time. I haven't seen this information anywhere, but I believe that it might resolve a lot of what you believe to be a market mystery. If I can buy light sweet stuff at a price ... or heavy stuff at a much lower price but which I as a refiner can only process in greatly reduced volumes or must blend to process at all, which do I buy? An absolute shortage of oil .... or maybe just a shortage of the stuff that refineries actually want ... given the time it takes to build or modify a refinery does it matter over the intermediate term? For what it is worth, with the reduced production from Nigeria is appears to be highly likely that the average grade of crude on the world market just became heavier for at least a while.

On to the wonderful world of futures. Let me state up front that there are a lot of individuals and entities trading incredible volumes on the futures exchanges that have no intention of taking or making deliveries. It has always been that way and always will be. Some of these are naked shorts or naked longs. However, there likewise numerous ways to hedge and exercise arbitrage opportunities based on delivery dates and geography that you seem to be ignoring. Most of these trades tend to make what you view as irrationally narrow spreads converge even further ... "yes" markets can be irrational, but look to other factors before you attribute a market that is behaving [in your opinion] strangely to an excess of animal spirits.

"People pay too much for things all the time. I have been predicting for a while that what we should see is a divergence between oil and gasoline. Oil prices should drop back in the short term, and gasoline prices should rise (given that there is a true shortage)."

Both are represented in the futures market and based on history / conventional wisdom pricing should revert to the mean differential given that refinery change overs and other limitations normally ease / correct over time. Likewise, demand from the refiners for crude could reasonably be expected to directly lead to a rise as demand for crude as the ability to produce product increases. Is the balance in crude / product inventories likely to increase of decrease under a summer driving season scenario? Is it likely to normalize at some future point in time. There is probably money to be made on this bet as it has always worked out in the past provided the arb has sufficient staying power.

Also, have you been paying any attention to Brent. The usual premium for WTI versus Brent that has been present for most of the recent past is gone with Brent now mostly at slight premium. Maybe too much gasoline in Europe and too much crude in the U.S.? Maybe your divergence is there but masked / mitigated by arbritrage Brent and WTI and related product futures? I don't really know, but I do know that tankers of North Sea crude making the trip across the pond from the point of delivery [a terminal in the Shetlands?] are incurring costs and delivering at a net economic loss. At some point of supply imbalance in a perfect world you would expect to see crude in storage exported from the U.S.A. to Europe. :-) Do I really expect this to occur in any significant volume? Not really, but the East to West volume could dry up rather quickly couldn't it?

"No. It's not because I can call someone and get oil. I can call almost any supplier and get oil. There is a big difference. When you start having a number of suppliers say that supplies are tight, or suppliers start to put refiners on allocation, that will be an indicator that there is a supply problem."

What you are describing is a functioning market. Goods are being sold in quantity by willing sellers to willing buyers. Being "on allocation" is an attempt by a seller to warp the normal pricing mechanism by creating a stable but out of balance transaction price. This is not a shortage in the sense that crude is not available, it is a scenario where willing sellers are lacking at the price being set by a dominant intermediary.

"I want to make a few additional points. Refiners are spending billions to expand refineries. Do you think they would be doing that if they had not secured their supplies? Do you think Saudi would be building a big new refining complex if they thought they were about to peak?"

Why wouldn't an exporting country want a value added activity within the country of origin? Also please refer to the earlier comments concerning light sweet versus heavy sour. "Yes" there probably is some spare production capacity and a shortage of refining capacity now for the heavier crudes. If I was a the head of state of a country with lots of the heavy stuff I would be inclined to build refineries rather that wait for permiting process in the good old U.S.A. I could always elect to give preference in supply to my refinery even if an extreme shortage developed.

"Also, you had mentioned margins. I just ran across this in the Kansas City Star: "But the refineries have seen their margins increase dramatically. This week the margin, which is the difference between the cost of crude oil and the cost of gasoline, rose to 43 cents a gallon, nearly double the margins of a year ago."

Sweet light versus heavy sour again ... and ask yourself what the change in the differential between spot and even close in futures does to the spread where a refiner used to be able to operate on spot oil and buy the future. In and era of very low interest rates [and from the view point of a commercial in control of a tank farm] when the future is higher than the spot, do I buy / hold physical and sell the future to lock in the spread? I don't know for certain, but I am certain that every financial game that can be modeled for crude has been modeled and probably at the rate of several times per minute.

"I will make a prediction. One of these days, you will look back and say "Well, I guess Robert was right". "

Yup and until then Robert will be wrong. The questions that come to mind are how long until "one of these days," and when you turn out to be correct why is it that you turn out to be correct.

As I noted earlier, you seem to have thought a lot of this through and have given me some angles for further consideration. I am not trying to start a flame war. :-)

You have noted in earlier posts that the EIA collects data on the relative stock levels, but you have never reported on the absolute or relative levels of light sweet versus heavy sour over time.

As I have noted, sulfur and gravity are both reported to the EIA on a monthly basis. So they do have the information. I don't know if they calculate an overall sulfur and gravity for the stocks, but they could. It might be worth sending them an inquiry and asking.

Maybe too much gasoline in Europe and too much crude in the U.S.?

There is certainly too much gasoline in Europe. They use far more diesel, and so they have too much gasoline for each barrel of crude they refine. The do export some gasoline to the U.S., but some producers can't yet meet low sulfur gasoline requirements, which means they will have to find another home for it.

At some point of supply imbalance in a perfect world you would expect to see crude in storage exported from the U.S.A. to Europe.

In a perfect world where transportation is cheap and easy. The problem is that the central Canadian crude doesn't have an outlet to a port. The Rocky Mountains present a logistical problem.

Being "on allocation" is an attempt by a seller to warp the normal pricing mechanism by creating a stable but out of balance transaction price.

Not where I come from. Being on allocation means that you are afraid that you don't have enough supply to meet the demand. So, you place buyers on 90% allocation, or whatever your contract allows when product is short. Preferably, you would just raise prices until demand was reduced, but that isn't always possible for various reasons.

Yup and until then Robert will be wrong. The questions that come to mind are how long until "one of these days," and when you turn out to be correct why is it that you turn out to be correct.

I have not been shown to be wrong. In fact, I am not wrong. We are not currently at a peak. For me to be wrong, you would have to demonstrate that we are at peak. As long as refiners are constraining upstream production, and worldwide production is not falling while some production is still shut-in, then we are not at a peak. So, how is it that I am wrong? I will repeat this in case you missed it. My argument is not that we are a long way from peak. It is simply that we are not there yet, and that there are reasons for the production plateau that will ultimately result in production turning back upward for at least a few more years.

RR

If the available additional supplies cannot be refined they are not a short term drag on the market for sweet light stuff except to the extent that these supplies impact the market psychology.

My point "in case you missed it" is that there are a number of mechanisms that keep crude and product in some sort of alignment based on historical relationships.

Could traders suddenly decide in mass that these relationships no longer had merit? Possible.

Could things get further out of wack in terms of the cracking spread, light sweet versus heavy sour price? Also possible, but these numbers are already at historic extremes and are therefore likely to revert to more normal levels in the near future.

I listed a few of the mechanisms that tend to regulate the spreads between crude and product. It very well might be that product prices are pulling up crude, that is part of the mechanism I described. The spreads remain subject to mechanisms that have in the past always brought them back into a normal state over time.

"Not where I come from. Being on allocation means that you are afraid that you don't have enough supply to meet the demand. So, you place buyers on 90% allocation, or whatever your contract allows when product is short. Preferably, you would just raise prices until demand was reduced, but that isn't always possible for various reasons."

I understand what you are writing, but it is a description of a market that is not in balance. The quantity demanded is not aligned with the price.

"I will repeat this in case you missed it. My argument is not that we are a long way from peak. It is simply that we are not there yet, and that there are reasons for the production plateau that will ultimately result in production turning back upward for at least a few more years."

I don't believe that I questioned this particular assertion -- if I did it was an "oops" as opposed to what was intended.

What I was questioning was your belief that the pricing of WTI was seriously out of alignment with product pricing based strictly on the relative levels of inventories. What I described were some of the reasons why the current market conditions may be more reflective of normal market mechansims [as opposed to a bubble or some sort of abnormal psychology] that you appeared to miss in arriving at your conclusion. If I am correct, deliverable light sweet crudes should not experience an intermediate term collapse in price unless the whole liquid fuel complex [on both sides of the pond] collapses. Note that I wrote "collapse" not "experience a slight additional decline in relation to products."

"you will see production pick up for at least a few more years"

How much more production would you guess, say, over the next three years?

That's more art than science, given the unknowns about rates of decline in various fields. If I had to guess, I would give us pretty good odds of making 88-90 MMBD 3 years from now. But I think demand will eat that up and more. The EIA projects 94.6 in 2010, but I think that's too high.

RR

As I have mentioned before, I get quite a few articles on oil and gas everyday. Frequently, the stories have dueling headlines. An example from this morning is:

US Shortfall Sends Oil Price Soaring from The Independent in London

Right below that story, was this one:

Crude Oil Slides Toward $68 Per Barrel from UPI

So which is it? Soaring, or sliding?

A couple more:

Oil Prices Fall As Crude Stocks Swell  from the AP

Then:

Oil Prices Fall As Crude Oil Reserves Rise to 8-Year High  from Xinhua News Agency

Followed by:

Limited Production May Push Oil Higher from International Herald Tribune

I think the problem here is a lot of people reporting on these stories don't understand the underlying fundamentals. They don't understand where the system bottlenecks are, or what is driving prices.

RR    

1st-the Main Stream Media is doing everything possible to
minimize PeakOil.

Watch how oil has slid all the Way to $68.55($69.40 UK).
Both Record Sustained Prices.

Watch the 10% Ethanol/Gasoline Blend debate.
You won't see it.

The Media have mentioned gas shortages this
Summer, even as AAA says Consumers will be traveling
just as much and demand will be 1.5% higher.

And Ethanol does not travel well, so we're back to rail
tanks and trucks to deliver and just in time blend this
fuel at Tanker farms.

In 30 days! and no one I talk to has even heard that this is coming. Why!?

And what were those rail tankers and trucks carrying
before they began running 10% of our daily fuel consumption across the US.

The United States consumes almost 9 million barrels of gasoline daily so almost 1 million bbls will be
ethanol (we might be making 275k bbls today-CNBC)

We're there. $4-7 per gal this Summer.

And we attack Iran Venezuela

James

going  

theyll back off on the 10% ethanol promise before they attack either country.
Hello LS,

They'll back off on (Oxymoron? Ha Ha)  the 10% ethanol promise before they attack either country.

That statement sounds so WWI, like this:

theyll back off on "invading Belgium" before they attack either country.

Or Cuba 62-

theyll back off on "bringing in missiles" before they attack either country.

And on further research it seems not so much to be a mandate
to use 10% Ethanol blend as it is an unfunded mandate to
eliminate MTBE and each state must find their own solution-

EX-Hawaii to import molasses

And how strange-I go to paste a statement from a very informed individual and it turns out to be you-

From Mobjectivist- TheLastSasquatch-

As of yet, corporations involved in energy production and extraction (E.g. ethanol and crude oil) dont consider cost of highways, carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, caloric intake of workers etc). As we roll over the peak, these 'indirect extrnalities' will be increasingly important to the EROI math

Yes, they will back off, but they can't remain in power
after they have, without Escalation of violence.

It's Them-Top<1% or Us-theBottom>99%.

James

It has been mentioned before on TOD but bears repeating - "what oil?" Possibilities: the average grade of crude in storeage is getting heavier thus less refined product from the same storage; The refiners are investing not simply to increase production in a straight line but to cope with heavier grades as the light gets scarcer; The refinery upgrades relate to the changes in specification MBTE to Ethanol; Other?
What I have learned from TOD is that the information released by various agencies and headlined to suit the purpose of the headliner is almost useless unless you know what they are talking about in some detail and this is often missing. To me Stuart's efforts are very valuable and getting more so as each month passes because they track changes. Whether the absolute numbers are "right" depends on unreliable sources (as do all government statistics) but they are probably consistantly "wrong" in the same way due to lack of imagination to change the general thrust of the spin. Hence whether any one of the points is absolutely "right" is not important, it is the trend that matters. Please keep up the good work Stuart.
To me Stuart's efforts are very valuable and getting more so as each month passes because they track changes.

I want to make something quite clear. I also think Stuart is doing a valuable service here. I am in no way denigrating what he is doing. I am pointing out other items he needs to consider. I am pointing out areas of disagreement that I believe will cause him to forecast peak oil a bit too soon. But I did not come here to preach "The sky is NOT falling". I came here to learn as much as anything. I find myself learning valuable facts every day here.

In the long run, Sutart and I are on the same page. I believe that peak oil is coming soon, I just can't clearly see the peak yet. But I believe in the short run, the supply/demand imbalance will take precedence. It has the effect of mimicing peak oil. The only major difference I see is that we won't quite panic yet, because supplies are still increasing. But once it is clear that peak has occurred, there is no telling how high prices will go.

RR

RR: You're making way too much sense, dragging in all that, you know, stuff about markets and infrastructure and other hard-to-quantify details.

OK, I'll stop being a sarcastic pain in the butt, because I agree with you 100%.  All of us in these discussions have to take the broadest view possible of the situation.  And given how interlocked geology, economics, politics, psychology, etc. are in the energy realm, that adds up to one heck of a broad view.

I understand completely why many of the people I talk with in e-mail about these issues dislike the "squishiness" of economics (heck, I'm an economist and it drives me nuts), but there's no getting away from it as long as human beings are in the loop.

I think the evidence is mounting that we're on "a" global production plateau, but we don't know for sure yet if it's "the" plateau.  We could well be bottlenecked at roughly 85 mb/d, only to see that inch up to 88 or more in a few years, plateau again, and then begin the inevitable decline.  

Whatever happens, I'm sure of one thing: It won't be dull.

^ post of the day
Amen, brother...
We could well be bottlenecked at roughly 85 mb/d, only to see that inch up to 88 or more in a few years

CIBC World Markets supports that scenario.

As one of RR's earliest supporters and a die-hard LouGrinzo fan(although he does like to beat me up on occasion), it is nice to see Lou agreeing 100% with Robert.

That being said, I have to take issue with Lou's last statement : "It won't be dull."

Lou, It won't be dull for you or me, I'm sure, but it probably  will be in a general sense "dull."

Reality is dull. The only thing more dull than reality is TV. The whole reason we are in the place we are is because of this. Economics, Oil, Gas mileage, Car sales, politics,...Dull, Dull, Dull, Dull, Dull.

Nobody cares, nobody pays attention. And all of us who do care and pay attention spend our time arguing to what extent the "dull," "stupid," "masses" will be susceptible to the lies which others of us create.

The only thing I can accuse you of is optimism. Keep it up.

Unfortunately the Independent's commentry is behind a subscriber wall. However it is an interesting piece that links oil dependency with some of the 'most unpleasant and illiberal regimes in the world'

Their commentry finishes with this:

'Serious efforts to wean our societies of this pernicious dependency on oil and other fossil fuels cannot be delayed. The growing scarcity of oil must be a wakeup call. Let us hope it will not require a global energy crisis or an environmental catastrophe to finally spur us into action.'

References to Peak Oil are now appearing regularly in the UK Independent and Guardian newspapers.

Apologies the commentry was in realtion to previous mentioned article:

US Shortfall Sends Oil Price Soaring from The Independent in London

http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article357386.ece

Canadian nuclear physicist says nuclear will never work.  He's got a better idea:

Looming energy crisis? Perhaps the solution is right under our feet

What Tolmie proposes is that Canada start thinking about a radical new approach to energy before it's too late. He believes the technology is available to store whatever is necessary in the ground. Heat that can be tapped into in winter; cold that can be captured in summer for cooling.

He calls it "seasonal storage," and he says the old ice house is but one example of how the theory has already been proved in the past.

"There's nothing new at all to it," he says one morning over coffee.

What sawdust can do for ice blocks, he says, solid rock -- the ultimate insulator -- can do so much better for both heat and cold. By sinking multiple bore holes into the rock base, solar heat and winter chill could be pumped down and conveniently stored for long periods. There are already, he says, such projects to be found in France and California -- and even the odd one in Canada -- but they get very little publicity and are largely dismissed by the energy establishment.

...His experience in nuclear energy leads him to believe that it is not the answer -- neither in cost nor in available uranium -- and, he argues, if the nuclear industry cannot deliver, then more pressure will be put on oil and gas.

People have been conditioned to accept the rising cost of this energy source, he says, but they should not accept the environmental cost.


 Almost any wellbore will show a significant thermal differential between surface temp and TD temp. Install a means to cycle thermal transfer liquid between the two temperature regions and you should be able to capture and use the energy.

 Back in the 1980s there was a firm in Alberta that sought to dispose of hazardous materials by pumping them down a deep wellbore so that the high heat would neutralize the hazard. I'll try and find data on this but as I remember it the temperatures at depth were very high.

 Couple this with some microturbine generator and Allans modern PCC car and you have the makings of a possible transport solution.

 

This is similar to the system they use for geothermal heat pumps for residential housing.  Have a 400 foot water well filled, draw from the bottom, extract heat, and discharge the cooled water back into the top.  Byt the time it has reached the bottom again, it has regained heat from the surrounding earth, and the process starts again.  The depth of the well determines how much heat can be extracted from the earth (reversed for summer cooling).
There is a community under development in Alberta (the Drake Landing Solar community) that's using this concept.  They huse field of 144 35-meter boreholes.  During the summer the pipes in the boreholes are fed with hot water from passive solar collectors on the community's garage roofs.  That heats the surrounding soil.  During the winter the same pipes draw warm water out of the ground, retrieving the stored heat.  The warm water goes through a heat exchanger and back into the homes' radiant heating and hot water systems.  It's one very cool idea.  Read more about it here.
I saved a link on seasonal heat storage last year:

http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/story?id=24450

It still blows my mind that it actually works.


solid rock -- the ultimate insulator

That is one of the silliest statements I have seen for a while. I advise the writer of the text to hug a hot or a cold rock and then contemplate how fast the rock surface temperature equalizes with his or her skin. Then go and hug som hot or cold foamed insulation.

Heat storage in a mass of underground rock only works well if you have neglible ground water movement.

Loading a borehole for a heat pump with energy from a solar collector during summertime is sometimes used to get electricity free hot water during summertime and compensate for a too shallow borehole. It only works if the ground water movement is neglible, but on the other hand, large ground water movements bring in fresh low grade heat so those boreholes work even if they are a little short.

I'll be interested (and good luck) to see if you all can get this to work for your tribes ... personally, I don't want to be the one to try to sell the "Let's Dig A Big Hole And Store The Heat In There Till Next Winter" scheme to my tribe.
Ted Taylor, the super small hydrogen bomb genius, proposed this seasonal heat storage for NYC long ago, about 1960?  He knew all about heat transfer and such stuff, and how energy wasteful the US was,  and was ( I am guessing here) trying to save his soul from his bomb sins.

I have done a few numbers for my own house and wish I had the personal energy left to make a couple of big holes in my back yard as an example of how to do it around here.  Then I could quit burning wood- except for that electricity from my stirling engine, of course.

Truth to tell, if you use insulation right, you almost don't need any heating system at all.  But that's so dull!

On a new topic, I'd like to give a Peak Oil presentation to the sustainablity group here at work.  Does anyone have a link to such a thing?

thanks in advance,

I cobbled mine together from the ASPO 2005 presentations, particularly Bartlett, Simmons and Dea:

http://www.aspo-usa.com/proceedings/powerpoint/

Try this over at Powerswitch
It's got a Colin Campbell presentation in a flashmedia file on line free
Here is one from a talk I gave to my department http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~sereno/oil05.pdf cobbled together from the usual sources, ending with an M3/deficit graph and a few temperature graphs.
I did find this one a bit humorous:

Vietnam Reports "Large" Oil, Gas Field Discoveries
Source: BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific

Hanoi, 13 April: The Vietnam Oil and Gas Corporation (PetroVietnam) discovered a large volume of oil and gas at several major fields offshore in the first quarter of this year, announced the corporation at a press briefing in Hanoi on 12 April. The new discoveries included the Phuong Dong-4X-15.2 well with an output of 6,500 barrels of condensate a day, the STT-3X-15.1 well with 1.9 cubic feet of gas and 2,000 barrels of condensate a day, and especially a well at the Te Giac Trang-2X with a capacity of 11,000 barrels of oil per day.

The recently-found well No 15 at the Rong structure discovered by Vietsovpetro, a joint-venture between PetroVietnam and a Russian partner, also promises a volume of over 5,300 barrels per day. So far this year, PetroVietnam has exploited over 6.2m tonnes of oil equivalent, including 4.38m tonnes of crude oil and 1.82bn cubic metres of gas.

See, you guys have nothing to fear. Vietnam is picking up the slack with their "large" discoveries.

RR

Don Sailorman asked me to create a "Party Platform" of suggested policies.  I spent ~60 minutes and posted one off of the top of my head.

Below is a more detailed and thoughtful version, subject to further refinement.  Comments and suggestions are MOST welcome !

Policy Goals (Rev 2)

The Freedom (Common Sense, Sustainability) Party supports pro-actively taking common sense actions to deal with Peak Oil and Global Warming in ways that sustain a decent level of economic activity and quality of life for Americans.

Sustainability Taxes

All gasoline and diesel fuel, over the road and otherwise, will be taxed with a new Conservation Tax.  Said tax will start 6 months after enactment and will increase by 1.5 cents/gallon each month for a minimum of 20 years, with quarterly inflation adjustments to the existing tax and the 1.5¢ monthly increase.  These phased in tax increases will allow time for people to adjust and plan for the future.  Unfortunately, world oil price increases may dwarf these revenue steps.  Corn based ethanol will be taxed at 60% of the rate for other fuels.

Current federal fuel taxes will continue, but will be considered as Sustainability Taxes.

Carbon taxes - All fossil fuel or feedstock used will be assessed a carbon tax based upon the value of the cheapest carbon source in the US, the railhead price of Powder River Basin coal.  This tax will start at 1% of the market price of coal (adjusted for carbon content) and increase by 1% for each year for 20 years.  Imported goods will also pay a carbon tax, while exports will have their carbon tax rebated.

All appliances, including computers, that do not receive the "Energy Star" label will be taxed 3% to 10% of their wholesale price.  The rate will depend upon how close they are to Energy Star status.

All incandescent light bulbs will be taxed 100% of their wholesale value.

Gas Guzzler Tax - All new vehicles below CAFÉ mileage standards will be taxed $750 for each MPG below that standard.  This tax will be phased out in years 5 to 8.  This tax will shift demand from those that need large vehicles from new to late model used cars and help sustain some value for those current owners that want to trade out.

Farmers will be entitled to a refund of 85% of these taxes paid except for the appliance and light bulb tax.

All Sustainability taxes not used to support sustainability programs detailed below will be rebated to the people via Social Security and Medicare.  85% of the prior fiscal years tax collections (net of Sustainability expenditures) will be rebated via lower employee tax rates the following calendar year.  The other 15% will be used to support the fiscal soundness of Social Security and Medicare via investments in US equities and convertible bonds.  The trustees will be advised to preferentially and responsibly invest in sustainable industries such as wind farms, railroads, biotech and so forth.

This 15% will provide support for the fiscal soundness of Social Security & Medicare as well a source of capital for growing industries.

Electrification of Transportation

Any railroad that electrifies its track shall not pay any property taxes on that track and related infrastructure.  The US Congress will act under its authority deriving from the Interstate Commerce Clause of the US Constitution.  Any local taxing authority that loses more than 2 % of it's property tax revenue shall have the excess above 2% compensated by the US Gov't.  Said compensation to be reduced annually to zero over 25 years.

The various states will be authorized to create Electrification Authorities that can issue tax free Municipal Bonds to help pay, via pass through loans or otherwise, for any railroad improvements.  The US Gov't will guarantee 90% of the principal but no interest on said municipal bonds.

This support of Railroad Electrification will equalize past support for trucking via the Interstate highways et al.

All Urban Rail projects that pass minimum viability standards, including guaranteed  local support, shall get 90% federal funding.  Those projects that fail these standards will get 75% federal funding.  Diesel powered commuter rail will get 85% support, electrified commuter rail will get 90% federal funding.

Local transit authorities will get 70% federal funding to buy new diesel or other fossil fuel buses and 90% funding for electric trolley buses and their associated infrastructure.  They will get a 97% rebate on fuel taxes paid.  They will also get a federal subsidy of 3¢ per passenger-mile carried by any mode in addition to existing support.

Four cities with limited resources for even 10% local  matching, but with significant potential for transformation by Urban Rail will receive 100% federal funding for specified projects.  Two of the four cities have national and international ramifications and need to be revitalized for national reasons, Washington DC and New Orleans.  In addition, Oakland and East St. Louis will create living laboratories to demonstrate the positive transformation that Urban Rail can create.  The District of Columbia will get 40 miles of streetcar lines, New Orleans 35 miles of streetcar lines and appropriate amounts for Oakland and East St. Louis.

A "Strategic Rail Reserve" will be created to supplement and extend the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.  In the first month of WW II, there was a massive switch in urban transportation from auto to streetcars in order to save gasoline for the war effort.  The current US Urban Rail system does not have this surge capability.

Every urban rail system will study the likely ridership in the case of a significant oil supply interruption and determine the rolling stock and other facilities required to carry such passenger volumes at roughly 2/3 of crush loads.  The government will buy enough rolling stock and limited additional infrastructure to handle such increases in demand.
Said SRR rolling stock can either be stored or used, as long as it is kept in serviceable condition and put in operation within two weeks.  Amtrak will retain enough new or refurbished MetroLiners and electric locomotives to increase service on the electrified Northeast Corridor by 75% within two weeks.

Federal support for building new highways will cease except for case by case funding of carpool lanes, bus rapid transit and improved access to rail to truck intermodal transfer points.

The Federal Aviation Authority will financially support, and allow airports to fund, Urban Rail access to airports with funds from the Aviation Trust Fund.  Airports without access to Urban Rail, regardless of whether the city serving the airport has Urban Rail, will be eligible for safety related improvements, but not capacity related improvements.

Congress shall ask the American Society of Civil Engineers for suggestions on streamlining and speeding the design and construction of Urban Rail and trolley buses.  They will also ask the FRA to set standards, in consultation with the affected railroads, for electrification of North American railroads.  Both reports are requested within 6 months, but sooner if possible.

In addition, the Switzerland Confederation will be respectfully requested to provide technical assistance

Electricity

The Carbon Tax mentioned earlier would, of course, apply to fossil fired electrical generation.  The tax rate would depend upon how much carbon is emitted per kWh, which varies significantly.

The US shall build a nationwide High Voltage DC network with nodes every 500 or so miles.  At least two East-West links combined with at least three North-South connections, with spurs to Canada and Mexico if they want to be involved.

Renewable energy will be transferred free of transmission charges (other than adjustments for transforming and transmission charges), pumped storage and nuclear at one third the commercial rate and fossil fuel fired electricity at the full rate.  Pumped storage that can show that their original source was renewable, will be transferred free on the nationwide DC grid.

Any renewable energy source installed after the implementation of this program, used for electricity or other purposes (space heating for example), shall be taxed at 10% of it's value for property taxes.  The same 10% rate will apply to pumped storage and new nuclear power plants will be taxed at 1/3 their value.

Federally owned hydroelectric power plants and dams will be refurbished and optimized for maximum power production with a break even project cost of at least 10¢/kWh.

Transit Orientated Development

Federally controlled mortgage agencies will establish a sustainability premium to offset risks associated with Peak Oil.  This premium with start at ¼ of 1% in mortgage rates and increase by 1/16 of 1% per year.  Those areas judged most sustainable will not be assessed this premium, and graduations in these premiums will increase to the maximum.

There will be no ceiling on this increase over time.  The goal is to end federal support for high energy use, unsustainable development.

Cities and regions that create proper zoning and support for TOD will be entitled to an additional 3% in federal matching funds for their Urban Rail projects (i.e. 93% instead of 90%, 78% instead of 75%, etc.

Alan,
Many congratulations--all transparent, common sense, proven and almost certain to work without undue negative unintended consequences.

Indeed, the great strength of your platform is that you have stolen the best and most solid ideas rather than dreaming up pie-in-the-sky "innovative" plans. None of your ideas is new, but all of them are good--and, equally important, can readily seen to be good ideas.

Now, how can we sell this platform to political candidates?

"Commonsense Freedom" Party, now that has a ring to it and sounds less jingoistic than "Freedom America" Party.

Or maybe just "Common Sense" for a party name?  . . . no, lacks pizzaz.

Also, what animal for our mascot--NOT a lumbering elephant nor a stubborn donkey nor a scavanging bald eagle . . . how about a turkey--which is the animal Ben Franklin wanted for our national symbol? But domestic turkeys are so damn dumb . . . would have to be a wild turkey, but that symbol has been appropriated by a fine beverage . . . c'mon, let's have some help here: What animal can outwit both pachyderms and Democrats?

Symbol ?

Benjamin Franklin

He embodies more than any other historical character what I propose.  A bit neglected in recent years.

Would his policy proposals be far different from what I suggest were he still active ?

Ben Franklin . . . yes, I like it, and it helps that his portrait adorns one of my favorite pieces of paper, the 100 peso . . . uh, excuse me, hundred dollar bill.

But we still need an animal mascot; it is An American Tradition.

How about a chimpanzee? Everybody loves chimps, and an average one is smarter than some Democratic and Republican office holders we could all name.

Also, to the best of my knowledge, no professional sports team is nicknamed, "The Metropolis Chimps."

The chimp has lately been associated with a certain figure who's popluarity is declining.  Probably want to pick another....
What about the Buffalo, or the North American Bison? It is a symbol of a time when this country's possibilities seemed endless, but through greed, avarice and rapaciousness, our countrymen overcame the better angels of their nature and nearly wiped them all out. The bison could be a symbol of what we nearly lost, but through hard work, cooperation and the wise use of our resources could regain. It is a uniqely American animal, that was venerated and celebrated by our Native American brothers and sisters, who lived a simple, yet sustainable, spiritually rewarding life.
   I look around me at the destruction of our habitat in the form of SUV filled highways and the speculative building of McMansions. To me, this is the same madness that led to the near extinction of the buffalo, as well as the genocidal treatment of the original Americans...you know, the ones that were already here.
  I nominate the North American Bison...brave, strong, hardy and an animal without which the plains indians could not survive.

 Subkommander Dred

I like it. Also like alans suggestions and the fact that we need a new political party. One would need to start with quite a bit of funding (north of 15 million). The premises could be based on science and publicized through paid media at first until mainstream picked up the wildfire.

Start with local then regional success stories of the new "Sustainability" party and our relative fitness algorithms might reach a tipping point where people would recognize theyd be better off.

There is an increasing (pervasive) sense we are being lied to from politicians so a scientific, no nonsense, reality based party has an excellent window...have the statements, facts etc be verified by third party or some such.

And an additional platform idea would be tax credits for growing your own food.

     
Some of the most successful, well-known creatures in the US are the cockroach and common house fly, but somehow, I don't think that will really do the job...  
How about the coyote?  The most important thing about them is how adaptable they are to really awful environments, from the harshest desert to Central Park and LAX.  There also happens to be some pretty good home-grown mythology in place regarding their trickster natures from the very first immigrants to the US.
I like wiley coyote, but ranchers hate them with a passion. On the other hand, maybe we can do without the rancher vote.

Grizzly bear?

Bison would be good, except everybody thinks a bison is a buffalo. But that would be all right; no need to be purists.

Whale?

Oh, and I just figured out how to get the vote of retired folks and the Baby Boomers, who will soon be looking at their Golden years and hoping they do not become brown: S.I.N. or SIN for Stop Inflation Now. What old folks worry about is their savings or social security checks becoming worthless. Sustain the Dollar! In fact, let us trade 20 of these phony American pesos we have now for one new/old dollar, then make a commitment to monetarism (which would indeed stabilize the general price level) and abolish the Federal Reserve System, because we would no longer need it to "control" the money supply.

With old people and soon-to-be-old people plus those concerned about the energy and the environment and whose hair is not yet gray, shucks, we've already go a majority of those who vote.

We need a candidate. And a fund raiser. Whistle-stop campaign, the way Harry Truman did back in '48 . . . .

Don, if you ran, youd have my vote, as well as some pesos. But how would I be assured that youre sustainability intentions for the planet wouldnt be sidetracked by some aerobic activity detrimental to my interests at some whistle-stop?
Let us recall our mentor, Ben Franklin. He was bigtime into self-improvement and used little daily logs to keep track of his lapses from being the kind of guy he wanted to be. So if he lost his temper, then a black check mark for that day in the loss of temper column, etc. One of the columns, to the best of my memory, was under the heading, "Rarely use venery, but for health." Seem to recall he got a lot of check marks there;-)

Perhaps one of the reasons that the U.S.A. Founding Fathers were (by and large) an energetic and creative and optimistic bunch were that they were, um, how shall I put this delicately, . . . of high libido and not short in the gratification department.

That having been said, I must gracefully decline your kind nomination in favor of somebody much younger. For radical change we need the fire and fervor of youth--maybe somebody in one of the major political parties who is seriously upset with the status quo, somebody with a scientific background--positively no lawyers, unless they also have an engineering degree or M.D. or some other credentials indicating that they they can think quantitatively and rigorously.

Can I set-up and manage a blog for you? I'll do all the work. You get full artistic/editorial control. And you own it 100%. I'll do it for free. I will personally do the work. We will talk about what I get out of it later.
You tempt me.

I'll think about it.

But despite enjoyment and enlightenment from TOD, my inclination is to see blogging as an experiment that has largely failed. Similarly, I think television (despite some exceptionally fine programs, e.g. on the History Channel and on PBS) is another experiment that failed.

Both TV and blogging, it seems to me, tend to stifle critical thinking while raising noise levels. Also, I have a full life: I like to talk to people in bars and parks and on bike trails and in sailboats, play with my grandchildren, putz around in the garden, and of course play tennis and sail as much as possible.

Having a blog means committing time to it. What would I give up to find time for a blog? Writing fiction? Writing my memoirs? Reading? Cooking for friends? Long bike rides? Amateur astronomy? Fencing? Dancing? Refinshing an old wooden boat? Definitely would not give up sailing, as it is prerequisite for sanity.

If we could get a sustainability political party going, then I'd say, "To hell with fun. This is more important." But what is the incremental benefit of one more blog? There are plenty of good places in the blogosphere.

There's no reason you have to blog according to anyone else's rules.  I keep this guy in my feeds even though he only writes something about once a month:

http://detroitvstheworld.blogspot.com/

All "blogging" is, as a change from previous web media, is just an automatically managed chronological form of filing.  People just take that chronological form in different directions.

I was mountain biking down a lonely canyon last week, when I looked up to see a coyote 50 yds upslope.  The funny think was his reaction when he saw me looking at him ... he just casually looked the other way.  Just to show he didn't care.
What additional measures have I missed ?

I thought of a national speed limit, but there are issues of cost effectiveness there, equity (applies equally to Honda Insight & Hummer) and it gives us no "quick fix" when the Islamic Republic of Arabia replaces the House of Saud.

No hybrid buyer income tax credits.  Home insulation incentives are left to the market place (with carbon taxes).

No explicit goals, just incentives & taxes that should work over time.

But do we have enough time ?

More bicycle lanes, even at the expense of traffic lanes, are needed, but that seems more of a city and not national program.

Can the city of Detroit afford even 7% local matching for Urban Rail ? I doubt it.  Should Detroit have been the 5th city with 100% financing ?

Any other cities that need Urban Rail but cannot afford it ?

Ideas anyone ?

My local initiatives for this year are focusing around a few core ideas:

  1. Alternative (to fossil fuel) transporation ideas: electric rail/subway, bike lanes, harbor/ports, walking, mixed zoning...
  2. Local food networks: CSAs, greenmarkets, encouraging restaurants to use more local and/or organic food on their menus
  3. Electrical Efficiency: CFLs mostly
  4. Green Buildings: Making buildings more efficient in heating/cooling and more natural light.
  5. Raising PO Awareness: End of Suburbia screenings, posting messages on local blogs, educating local officials

Everything is local...the solutions will be different everywhere. And while I know these are just small drops in the bucket, I feel it's important to become involved, learn the local political system, make alliances with mutual interests (cycling clubs, environmentalists, neighborhood associations, even local elected officals) become a recogized leader on specific issues and just keep pushing over the long haul. There are no easy solutions to PO. Starting from the bottom might sound like small potatoes, but if there were someone doing this in every zip code, we could make a big difference toward solving our problems over the long run.
Yes, I cut my teeth on streetcars in New Orleans.  Some successes there.  It gives you insight for national scope.

My national policies list require local cooperation to work.  Locals can solve most problems, feds can only help (mainly funding) and create right "atmosphere".

I support (sorry to those who have seen the links before) the Adventure Cycling Association, and the League of American Bicyclists.  I get the sense that there is good news, and bad news, on the bike transporation front.  Tight funding for local planning impacts bikes before other things.  On the other hand, there is a "safe routes to schools" program that is apparently getting some funding.  It might cut down on SUV kid delivery, and have spin-offs for other riders.
If you would like to see some amusing examples of how not to organise cyce tracks from the UK have a look at these.
Alan!  Really great work.  I am in a rush and didn't maybe get it all, but did you include the idea that any combustion like for example a home gas heater, is throwing away available energy that could be captured by a cute little stirling and turned into electricity?  Look the NASA space power stirlings to see how far they have improved these things.

Ben Franklin is my god, and the buffalo is my critter- big, self supporting, and good to eat.  I am gonna vote for this party, yessuree!

But domestic turkeys are so damn dumb . . . would have to be a wild turkey, but that symbol has been appropriated by a fine beverage

You mean like this bad boy I killed on Tuesday?

http://img46.imageshack.us/my.php?image=robertsturkey0nq.jpg

He wouldn't make much of a symbol at this point, as I am going to eat him in about an hour. :^)

RR

Some very thoughtful ideas - where did you come up with all the specifics?

I would add in Westexas and Kebab's idea of replacing the income taxes with a consumption tax.

It might help focus people locally if they declared a temporary moratorium on all greenfield development for 90 days until each locality can formulate a land use plan that encourages brownfield development, protects productive farmland from development, only allows new development near existing transportation connections or future rail links.

Leadership and some incentives from the national level will help, but the nuts and bolts will be settled at the local level.

Specifics ?

I have been thinking about this for decades.  Some of the #s are "by golly, by guess" but they are in the range to have an effect without excessive shock to the economic system.  Twenty years gives EVEYRONE time to plan before max tax hits. Minimize "unintended consequences".

My plan is to reduce FICA taxes bit by bit, year by year.  A sudden change to zero income taxes and max consumption taxes would, IMHO, create too large a shock.

I have been involved with the 120 day New Orleans plan.  Incrediably hard work, good consensus by & large, etc.  But in average US city, not going to happen in 90 days.

A multiyear change in plans is the best that is likely to happen, unfortunately.  If the feds give the signal, though people will stop pushing rocks uphill fairly quickly, even before zoning changes.

I agree that the locals MUST make the decisions.  Each city will be different.  My plan does relatively little decree by fiat, it just changes the mix of incentives rather dramatically.  And that is the best role for the fed gov't. IMHO.

If we're truly looking to be the sustainability party, I'd add that immigration should be halted, except to keep population steady.
That would also be the easiest to enact.  People are riled up about it.  (With some even claiming that high gas prices are because illegals are using up all the gas!)
Hello Leanan,

Yeah, is that what is coming next:  can you imagine gas-station attendants having to check your ID before letting you buy gasoline?  No Green Card, no gas--Powerdown the hard way. Yikes!

Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

That was exactly what happened following a recent letter in the Billings Gazette. One person after another blamed illegal immigrants for high gas prices:

http://www.billingsgazette.net/articles/2006/03/29/opinion/letters/51-reader-1.txt

Here were some of the comments:

Maybe if we didn't have so many illegal aliens and the price of gas wasn't run by the stock market the price would be down. After all 12 million illegals not using our gas would also help.

With so many illegals driving around using our fuel the price is bound to go up. So everyone should try to vote to close the borders of Mexico.

And with all the Mexicans that come across the border illegaly using our fuel also puts the price high.

At first I thought they were joking, but they apparently weren't. The scary thing is these people probably vote.

RR

They forgot about all those gays driving to their weddings. Huge chunk of your gasoline price right there.
You forgot to put "goak here" at the end. Be careful :-)
I'd also add that all national forests should be managed in accordance to FSC standards, and all fisheries according to MSC standards.  Add something to encourage organic agriculture as well.
Yes to fisheries.  I am familar with Icelandic fisheries control and the stable catch that they get.  Forestry I know less of.
I love it, Alan! Unfortunately it has a snowball's chance in hell of happening unless things get really bad and by then, even more drastic measures may be needed. Sadly, I expect Americans to cling to their "non-negotiable" way of life til the very end of many of those lives.
 The Freedom (Common Sense, Sustainability) Party supports pro-actively taking common sense actions to deal with Peak Oil and Global Warming in ways that sustain a decent level of economic activity and quality of life for Americans"

As a European-, as well as Worldcitizen, I must disagree. Common sense and sustainability is not exclusively for the US. Stop the looting! Live local!

Hello Alan. Nice list. I could quibble well maybe I will quibble [surge capacity for urban rail?] Still taken a a whole a very nice list.

... can I still consider myself to be a small "l" libertarian!?! Clearly some dinking around with markets, but the U.S. Constitution authorizes "post offices and post roads" which fits a strict constructionist view much better IMO than torturing the Interstate Commerce Clause to cover transportation. Combined with mostly direct / usage based taxes so I suppose I haven't gone that far off the reservation.

The one thing I do not understand on the list is: "The US shall build a nationwide High Voltage DC network with nodes every 500 or so miles. At least two East-West links combined with at least three North-South connections, with spurs to Canada and Mexico if they want to be involved.

I understand why a more robust grid is desirable. What I don't understand the advantage of a DC grid. I thought Westinghouse and Edison duked this one out a long time ago with AC [Westinghouse] being the winner based on both transmission efficiency and safety. What I am I missing?

Surge Capacity for Urban Rail - $3.20 gas resulted in Dallas DART running VERY close to capacity.  During WW II, streetcar ridership almost doubled (as auto use fell dramatically).  The rolling stock fleets of US Urban Rail are sized to "business as usual" with 10% extra for maintenance, etc.  And many (Minneapolis, Salt Lake City, etc. have many more riders than originally planned).

If/when we hit a gas crunch, one can cram a few more riders on board (tight standing room), but not that many.

One of the beauties of Urban Rail is that one can keep adding more and more cars to existing rail and keep on increasing capacity (only "full" US line is NYC Lexington Ave. subway, 600,000/day).  But if we do not have the rail cars, people cannot take the high efficiency electricity alternative when gas lines form or gas hits $XX.yy/gallon.

DC Transmission - Modern power electronics have found a niche for DC, high voltage transmission of large amounts of power over long distances.  The AC sine waveform begins to deform (capitance issues among other things) after several hundred miles.  DC is also used when lines are not in sync (Itapu, once the world's largest hydro dam, on the border between Brazil & Paraguay, produces 1/2 its' power @ 60 Hz and half @ 50 Hz.  Brazil buys ~85% of Paraguay's share (60 Hz ?) and converts to DC, and ships it far inland for conversion into 50 Hz (?)

Major North American DC lines are Pacific Intertie from Columbia River to Los Angeles, HydroQuebec from James Bay (up north) to near US border and one from northern Manitoba (Nelson River) to south.

World's longest is from dam near mouth of Congo River to copper mines in Katanga.

Magnus could give you much more info on Swedish DC lines.

There are three, out of sync, 60 HZ "clocks" governing different grids in US (Canada with US, Mexico is out of sync 60 Hz & 50 Hz).  So 5 out-of-sync grids to connect, HV DC is the only solution.

A good DC intertie would allow "mining" wind in the Dakotas and rest of Great Plains (Canada as well as US), load balancing between different wind provinces, time of day deltas, etc.  By giving renewables free access to this grid, it makes massive wind farms in the Dakotas, Manitoba, Northwest Texas, etc. more economically viable.  Truly Interstate commerce.  A diversity of markets can only help renewables.

Thanks for the information on what I referred to as "the grid" ... based on the information you passed along, it clearly should have been "grids" [plural] as it relates to the U.S.A.& Canada even without considering Mexico.

I was even more surpised that there was a Columbia River to LA DC transmission link. I just assumed that the physics of long distance transmission of DC did not yield an economically viable solution. The technology must not be that daunting if Mobutu and his successors can keep their's running!

This is probably the mother of all open ended questions and I don't want to waste your time, but are we talking retrofit or essentially starting over assuming that end users would be on 60 HZ AC? [Maybe one of the movers and shakers on this site could run this topic as a free standing thread?]

I am still a little iffy on the advisability of a reserve fleet of rolling stock for urban rail ... I suppose if the question is altered somewhat from "if needed" to "when" needed" the correct answer might be to get it done now as production lead times are bound to be very long since at the very worst rail coaches have very long useful lives and even longer shelf lives.

Just to clear up one point, high voltage AC (any of several standard voltages) to, good example, 400 kV DC, transmitted, say 700 miles, and then converted back into high voltage AC for local distribution.

I could see a local "grid" consisting solely of wind turbines, with wide variances in Hz (say 57 to 63 Hz) feeding into a DC spur of this continent wide DC intertie.  Not having to keep Hz and voltage within tight boundaries would lower costs a bit and stability issues would almost vanish.

As per discussion here a month ago, high % wind grids have stability "issues", best controled by a lot of hydropower or just converting "junk quality" power to DC.

My "Strategic Rail Reserve" argument is a tie-in to our SPR (how many billions has that cost ?).  Having "enough" rail (where it exists) could extend the SPR out another day or two*.  My guess is that it would cost less than an extra day's worth of oil in the SPR.  The benefits from spending $ on more rail cars vs. more oil are many and clear.

* Single example, 40% of DC commuters use public transit (almost all DC Metro).  DC Metro is "tight" on rail cars today.  Islamic Republic of Arabia kicks out the House of Saud, and DC Metro could not carry many more than they do today except by staggering work hours, and even then not much more.  Best SWAG from locals that I trust is that 55% to 60% easily could use public transit if "motivated", and perhaps 3/4 if they "went out of their way".

Case 1, As is, TSHTF, DC Metro carries 46% of DC commuters, SPR lasts 123 days.

Case 2, TSHTF, DC Metro adds 55% more rail cars (goes from 6 to 8 cars/train + more trains AFAIK), ridership grows to 68% of DC commuters, same in every city with Urban Rail, SPR lasts 126 days AND we have some residual mobility after SPR dries up.

That is my "offical" argument.

But we both know that SRR rail cars will be used as post Peak Oil arrives, prices "super spike", etc.  We do not have the industrial capability to build enough rail cars quickly enough today.  Building SRR with monies otherwise spent on the SPR would "stockpile" rail cars for future use and rev up industrial base.

> Magnus could give you much more info on Swedish DC lines.

We dont have the biggest or the longest DC lines but we had the first ones since Asea, now ABB, were a pioneer and had our government as test customer. The first large scale DC line were to transfer cheap hydro power to the iceland Gotland from our mainland. It went on line in 1954-1956 with 20 MW at 100 kV and 96 km of cable. (First request in parliament for a project to get cheaper power to Gotland in, first experiments in 1943, serious development started 1946, large scale laboratory work 1948, order placed for building 1950, building started 1952, first test use 1954. Large projects take their time. ) The original system were complemented with experimental tyristor equipment in 1970 and used at 150 kV for 30 MW transmission. It was taken off line in 1986.

Originally they used giant "radio tubes", mercury vapor switches and rectifiers. Its not long since the last(?) one of those went off line. A link between Sweden and Denmark where Vattenfall bought the manufacturing equipment to make their own spares when ABB discontinued the production. Clumsy, cranky, medium performing but small staff maintainable technology. It is probably comforting to doomers that DC links can be run with 50:s technology but they perform much better with modern semiconductors.

DC-links are almost off the shelf equipment, ABB is still one of the leaders for developing large and small DC-links. There is right now a debate if one new 400kV gridline should be built as an above ground 400 kV AC-line or an underground DC-line capable of supplying both active and reactive power.

(oups)
First request in parliament for a project to get cheaper power to Gotland in 1941,
Thanks for the additional information. Always good to hear from the realistic but non doomer contingent of Ihe Oil Drum posters. :-)
It's hard to believe US policymakers really think Chavez will be scared of their carriers, will give ExxonMobil a break because of them, or will do anything to rub his hands with glee at all the cheap votes they are giving him.
BUT rub his hands with glee
I'm repeat a post, as the first one was 185 comments down:

Just saw an analysis predicting a shortfall of nuclear engineers numbering in the many hundreds over the next decade.  Would certainly put a wrench in the works of nuclear power programs.  

I can not believe that this news story has not been posted here yet:

Saudi Aramco boosts drilling efforts to offset declining fields.
Dubai (Platts)--11Apr2006)
http://www.platts.com/Oil/News/8377179.xml?sub=Oil&p=Oil/News&?undefined&undefined

"Saudi Aramco's mature crude oil fields are expected to decline at a gross average rate of 8%/year without additional maintenance and drilling, a Saudi Aramco spokesman said Tuesday."

"This maintain potential drilling in mature fields combined with a multitude of remedial actions and the development of new fields, with long plateau lives, lowers the composite decline rate of producing fields to around 2%," the spokesman said.

This seems like the big news that everyone has been waiting for, an official confirmation of decline in the Saudi oil fields.

actually, HO did a post on this a couple of days ago.  I forgot about it myself too, it's under the fold of this post...
I'm posting this article in the NYT because it covers the same  topics as yesterday's much discussed Bloomberg piece on "54,000 cetrifuges" and "16 Days."

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/13/world/middleeast/13cnd-iran.html?hp&ex=1144987200&en=44bb2 92a8e2dfbaa&ei=5094&partner=homepage

My guess is it will draw little attention.

Oil CEO -

Well, for propaganda to be effective it is OK for it to be refuted as long as the volume of coverage of the initial propaganda substantially exceeds the volume of coverage of the subsequent refutation.

This  54,000 centrifuges producing enough enriched uranium in 16 days has grabbed the headlines, and the IF/THEN nature of the statement gets lost as this statement gets replayed and recycled. I've even seem one internet headline stating that Iran could have The Bomb in 16 days.

Permit me to also make an equally valid statement:

 IF within the next year Haiti builds 12 supercarrier battle groups, each  complete with all the latest fighters, cruise missiles, and all the required escorting Aegis missile-defense frigates, attack submarines, etc, THEN within the year Haiti will be a threat to US naval supremacy in the Caribbean!

Silly?  Of course. But not a whole hell of a lot sillier than this 54,000 centrifuges/16 days business.

wait! i thought we were down to 15 days
joule -

I agree with you. But from my perspective this particular story hasn't really grabbed the headlines. A google search presently yields relatively few references, between 10 and 50 depending on how you do the search. That is not to say this won't change.

A lot of these references are from clearly partisan fringe news outlets if you can even call them that.

Some references at the top of the list are just blogs, and if one were to check these blogs, one would see that the volume of comments to the initial posts and the interest in the story is extremely low.

The piece from Yahoo news which I posted above is the best I could find (at this time) regarding the issue. In it you will find little that hasn't been discussed already here on the Oil Drum either yesterday or today.

The author could have read Stuart's post yesterday and perhaps sprinkled a bit of his own opinion in to form the thing. In the original the item is actually labelled an opinion piece.

It remains to be seen what impact the statement Mr. Rademaker made will have and how it will be used by various parties regarding the larger issue of Iranian/American relations. My guess is that  it will fade rather quickly.

So the "conventional wisdom" is still that Iran is quite some ways from industrial scale enrichment, for either purpose, and obviously it's harder to make weapons grade.  No surprise there.  It's not really anything very new.  Given enough time and centrifuges, clearly they can do it, either fuel or weapons grade.

So why are both Bush and Ahmadinejad making such a big deal over it right now?  Why is Bush choosing now to draw his line in the sand, and why is Ahmadinejad shouting about their new enrichment prowess.  All I see is that they are making steady progress in the technology, and whether it is for energy or weapons is still just guessing.

Clearly, neither side is being shy.  I don't feel like they are bluffing, so it must mean they both think they have something to gain.  They are both rapidly painting themselves into a corner, where they cannot easily back down without committing political suicide - which makes it increasingly dangerous.  

IMHO, Iran is convinced that Bush intends to go in no matter what (as am I).  They probably figure there's nothing they can do to stop it (and survive politically), so they're hoping to survive the attack and that we'll over-extend and hurt ourselves.  

Take all your overgrown infants away somewhere
and build them a home a little place of their own
the Fletcher memorial
home for incurable tyrants and kings
and they can appear to themselves every day
on closed circuit TV
to make sure they're still real
it's the only connection they feel

-Pink Floyd

I'm only surprised that they haven't beat on their chests and then physically pummelled on each other/bashed their heads together, like two competing alpha male animals on some nature documentary.

Tom Bevan Thu Apr 13, 3:46 PM ET

Consider the following two headlines appearing today:

"Analysts Say a Nuclear Iran Is Years Away" - New York Times

"Iran Could Produce Nuclear Bomb in 16 Days, U.S. Says" - Bloomberg

Obviously, somebody got it wrong. Turns out it's Bloomberg, which should be excoriated not only for running a factually false headline -
Iran could not produce a nuclear bomb in sixteen days - but also for compounding the error with a grossly misleading report:

    "Iran, defying
    United Nations Security Council demands to halt its nuclear program, may be capable of making a nuclear bomb within 16 days, a U.S. State Department official said.

    Iran will move to ``industrial scale'' uranium enrichment involving 54,000 centrifuges at its Natanz plant, the Associated Press quoted deputy nuclear chief Mohammad Saeedi as telling state-run television today.

    ``Using those 50,000 centrifuges they could produce enough highly enriched uranium for a nuclear weapon in 16 days,'' Stephen Rademaker, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation, told reporters today in Moscow.

So what's the problem? The problem is that Iran only has 164 centrifuges in operation today. Rademaker was responding to a question about how quickly Iran could produce a nuclear weapon once it reached industrial scale capacity. As we learn much later down in the Bloomberg piece, experts estimate it would take more than 13 years to produce enough highly enriched uranium for a nuclear weapon using just those 164 centrifuges.

There is no mention of how long it would take for Iran to construct and bring online the 54,000 centrifuges needed to build a nuke in sixteen days, though Bloomberg does report that Iran "plans to construct 3,000 centrifuges at Natanz next year" (The NY Times differs by reporting that Iran will begin "operating the first of 3,000 centrifuges at Natanz by late 2006").

So Bloomberg built its news report around a highly sensational, but essentially theoretical, estimate of how quickly Iran could produce a nuclear weapon if it only had 53,836 more centrifuges in operation than it does today. That's sloppy journalism, and it does a great disservice to readers trying to get a better understanding of a most important issue.

There's really no argument that the Bloomberg article was crap - it was patently obvious all along.  But that fact matters little, as the public is fed crap every day, and happily consumes it.  It didn't upset me because I believed it; it upset me because it was such obvious propaganda.  Not to mention how sick I am of the "official sources say" school of journalism.

Even if the majority doesn't buy this one (it may have been a little too obvious), it will still pull some in.  They'll be more tomorrow, and if you wait long enough you'll find something that is palatable enough that you can swallow it.  Then you can rationalize that the war is good and those Iranians deserve it, and won't have to deal with those disturbing doubts anymore.  

Just keep throwing it out, and enough will stick to raise public support to the point that congress won't get in the way.  

Thanks for this
if any of you can stomach amy goodman she had an interview w/ sy hirsh yesterday and also at the end of the show a pallast piece on venesaula.
http://kpfa.org/archives/index.php?arch=13565
also I've a friend in the area, a mill wright, who works all over the world on oil infrustructure projects and for the last three months he's been paid to stay home and play w' his new puppy dog. any thoughts
From WaPo: an article about little-known government report that came out last December.

Red Ink Run Amok

The report had been completed in early December but was issued on Dec. 15. The Treasury Department, which compiled it, did not even put out a news release announcing its existence. Cooper said the total press run was 1,000 copies, and they have become such rarities that he suggested I could probably take the one he procured for me and put it up for auction on eBay.

You might think that the subject matter is as sensitive as the National Intelligence Estimate that President Bush declassified in order to discredit Joe Wilson.

And it is. The cover letter in the report from Treasury Secretary John Snow contains the bad news. Whereas the budget deficit for fiscal 2005 was officially given as $319 billion, "the government's accrual-based net operating cost . . . was $760 billion in 2005."

That $760 billion is the real difference between the money the government received and the obligations it added in the past year -- in other words, the unfunded costs being passed on to our children and grandchildren.

...The U.S. government has been running up bills -- notably the promises of pensions and health-care benefits for military veterans and millions of other retirees -- without putting the obligations on the books.

That is what is really scary about the financial report. It contains page after page of graphs showing the probable future course of income and expenditures for Social Security and Medicare. In each chart, the dotted line for spending climbs far faster than the solid line for revenue. Beginning a decade from now, the shortfalls explode in what Cooper calls "a perfect storm" of fiscal ruin.

Cooper is not alone in this worry. David Walker, the head of the Government Accountability Office, official bookkeeper for Congress, said at a briefing last week that the $760 billion accrual deficit "amounts to $156,000 of debt for every man, woman and child in America. For a family, it's like having a $750,000 mortgage -- and no house."

Walker, who has been traveling the country trying to spread the alarm, said flatly that if the tax cuts now in effect are made permanent, as President Bush is requesting, and spending continues to rise at the current rate, "the system blows up. More than half our debt is now financed by foreign countries, and they will exact a price."

 Sounds to me like another causus belli.

 Social Security is underfunded due to foreigners unwilling to further finance our debt. With 50,000,000 retirees the dollar drops to $0.00 within 16 days.

 Those pesky foreigners up to no good again.

Copying a posting from the EergyBulletin from the Falls Church News-Press that is quite good.

A quote from the article---

Then there is a question of authority. Can a government prioritize the distribution of limited fuel, or even food stocks? Can it institute rationing, conservation measures, impose fuel-saving speed limits, mandate car pools? Clearly a high priority should be given to preparing a package of emergency powers for governors and local councils.

Beyond the initial need to develop the organization to maintain life, civil order, and the distribution of vital goods and services, there will be a need for government in establishing extensive new systems of mass transit. If, as most expect, there will be very serious economic disorders, we start to raise issues of government as the employer or provider of last resort.

An argument can and will be made that the government should stay out of all this. Let prices rise and market forces alone will do the necessary allocations. There is no question that such policies would quickly devolve into widespread and unacceptable life-threatening situations comparable to evacuating yourself from the New Orleans flood without a car.

For now, planning is cheap. One day soon the implementation of these plans will be very costly.

Nice analogy for why planning should be undertaken to minimize peak oil instead of allowing markets to solve our energy problems.

"Let prices rise and market forces alone will do the necessary allocations. There is no question that such policies would quickly devolve into widespread and unacceptable life-threatening situations comparable to evacuating yourself from the New Orleans flood without a car."

There is a question on my part as to whether free market policies would devolve thusly. Give the govt power to plan for you and they will take away more freedoms. Saying there is "no question" is intellectual cowardice. Quit sucking on momma's tit and grow up.

I don't see any reasonable alternative.  Jared Diamond lays it out in Collapse.  There are situations where grassroots works, and situations where it doesn't.  We are in a situtation where it doesn't.  We are simply too large and too powerful a society for grassroots control to be effective.

For example, Ohio may decide that their solution is to burn more coal and fire up more nuclear power plants.  They may not even know, let alone care, that the acid rain created by their coal-burning is killing crops in New England.  Or that radioactive water is leaking from their nuclear power plants and poisoning people in states downstream.  

We have reached the point where central control is necessary.  Yes, they will take away more freedoms.  Count on it.

Hello,
   you have had increasing central control since 2001 throughout the Western world, it has been taking away more freedoms, and quite honestly, I'm not sure 'central control' itself is a good solution.

Like 'planning,' 'central control' is simply a description. And speaking very broadly, central control seems to be a pretty flawed method to govern society for any extended amount of time.

We could discuss good or necessary central control, but sort of like enlightened monarchy, the good examples are far outweighed by the historical track record.

I believe in the idea of simply spending your time in a way which doesn't increase problems, but we are all too lazy or cowardly to follow that very well. My hot water still comes from burning natural gas, and my electricity from mainly nukes/coal - and sure, I could reduce that considerably, but convincing my wife to live differently would likely result in my life and hers diverging, though my children are better by far - if only because our lives will diverge as they become adults. (My wife's interest in gardening is also nil, if you want another area of dispute.) Generally, we will compromise on almost anything to get along with others. In part, central control means that compromise is removed as a hurdle. And soon, doubts or concerns are treated as opposition to be ignored, overcome, or crushed.

And speaking very broadly, central control seems to be a pretty flawed method to govern society for any extended amount of time.

"Any extended amount of time" are the key words.  It won't last.  Without cheap oil, central control will become more expensive and offer fewer benefits, and will eventually fade away (or collapse violently).  I don't think the U.S. is sustainable as a political entity.  (Check out The Untied States of America.)

But we'll need some kind of central control to guide the powerdown, at least if we don't want the environment completely trashed.  

Well, my meaning of flawed was the evils most forms of central control devolve into.

But the point is taken that the U.S. of today is unlikely to retain 'central control' of itself, however defined. This is a supremely hard to confront fact, with a few thousand nuclear warheads, and several hundred nuclear reactors (many naval). It also implies a fair level of breakdown before it occurs, though. Though I believe peak is basically today, not 10 years from now, it is hard to see such massive collapse in a reasonable time frame.

For an example of somewhat comparable internal changes (though admittedly, in a fairly benign international setting), the end of the Soviet Union is at least available as a real world case study. The Russians, in typical Russian fashion (that is, without seeming to count up costs in terms of environment or people) have managed to retain something which most people would call central control. And essentially none of the outlying political groupings no longer under Soviet control have yet to completely breakdown - though a few likely will, which would most likely lead to them being reintegrated into some larger entity again.  

This is an interesting point in terms of America being a fairly unique society in terms of its youth, and its lack of experience in dealing with forms of political organization and control which most other societies have undergone over centuries previous to industrialization.

Though it is imaginable that the United States of America would lose central control simply because those with power now wouldn't be able to grasp the basics of managing a large polity without a functioning reliable electrical grid, for example, I do have my doubts.

That North America could devolve into various naturally defensible regions along European lines is much more imaginable. In this case, I am not sure whether this is loss of central control or merely downsizing to maximize profit potential and enhance synergies in a globalized world filled with more nimble players.

Too much uncertainty to do more than toss out ideas, I think.

For an example of somewhat comparable internal changes (though admittedly, in a fairly benign international setting), the end of the Soviet Union is at least available as a real world case study.

The FSU is a unique example of an empire that voluntarily acted to dismantle itself. For that reason I do not see it as a good example for the US. The US has already experienced at least two attempts at devolution and both were militarily suppressed. I do not see any future devolution being handled differently.

This is an example of what Tainter would view as problems associated with complexity. The middle east is the crazy quilt product of western ideation. The west carved the middle east into states and areas of influence (think Sykes-Picot and the Red Line Agreement) then further meddled with the internal politics (Iraq, Iran) or failed to meddle (Saudi Arabia) and now must attempt to manage the complex melange that is the outcome. One "outcome" has been what Chalmers Johnson terms "blowback" (See Blowback : The Costs and Consequences of American Empire).

What we now see is the west imposing constraints on its own polities in an attempt to resolve a situation that has become so complex there is no perceived acceptable solution. The internal negatives (creation of a police state, withdrawal of civic liberties) are as destructive as the external negatives (Al Queda). Ultimately, the layer cake of contradictions blows itself apart.

I agree that the end of the old Soviet Union was fairly unique, but voluntary dismantling isn't quite the turn of phrase I would use. Unavoidable dismantling handled without mass death comes closer to my perspective, but that is just my opinion.

The Soviet Union also broke down because it hit peak energy (more or less - though then, central planning and ideology were the proximate causes), and couldn't keep its various clients/nationalities from splitting - a very complex issue, of course, but not so far off as to be worthless.

It is so strange how much of the wargaming of the 70s and 80s hinged around a desperate Soviet Union lunging for control of the Gulf as its own oil production unavoidably declined. One reason I am very sure that much of the American establishment is very well informed about Peak Oil, since they rose through the ranks dealing with it in terms of the Soviet Union, though when it comes to Bush and his intellectual capacities, I find them as mysterious as the day he was elected president.

As for the United States of America breaking apart - not in any future I realistically foresee, but the apparent planning for various political/military regions in the event of some massive emergency could also provide a basis for a long term break-up, brought about through competing ambitions/ideologies. Very much science fiction, though - sort of like an old Omni? story 'found' in a burned out tank of a Christian/Southern crew fighting in a continent wide war to save the 'real' America, and how shocking it was to them to discover that the Northern 'welfare city dwellers' (or some such) were at least as capable in combat, and who were also fighting to keep the 'real' America together, were just as brave, etc. Ah, the old days when such things seemed merely the fairly mediocre story telling they were. These days, some of the things I read about shipping 'beaners' back in cattle cars makes my skin crawl, and the idea of religiously motivated military units seems an Air Force Academy prayer away.

Let them take away your freedoms at  your own peril. If the majority of Americans are of the same mind as you on this point we have abandoned the basis for our nation. I sincerely hope you are in the minority.
Most Americans are worse than me.  I am upset about Bush's illegal wiretapping.  Most Americans don't give a damn.  

And it will only get worse in the future.  Tainter predicts that as a society approaches collapse, government becomes more autocratic.  People will give up their freedoms in exchange for protection from terrorists (or from their neighbors), shelter when they are cold, medicine when they are sick, food when their children are hungry.  Consider this when making your plans for the future.

More people, nationwide, think he broke the law than think he obeyed it, but it varies quite widely by state:

http://www.surveyusa.com/50State2006/50StateWireTap060227Broke.htm

Yeah, but they don't care.  That's my point.  They know it's wrong, but they don't care.  
Chris Matthews said something about Democrats having the strongest showing in polls since ... not sure I remember, post-Nixon?  30 years?

I think people care but many have a dull resignation about what they can get done about it with this President and this Congress.

http://tinyurl.com/s6lne
LAHERRERE MORPHING INTO ODELL?

Looking at Laherrere's liquids forecast in the previous entry (#282), I couldn't help but notice the striking similarity to some old charts from the uber-cornucopian economist Peter Odell.

First, take a look at the peak oil forecast from Campbell & Laherrere's 1998 Scientific American article:

According to the caption in the article, the red line indicates conventional + unconventional oil. Note that the graph tops out prior to 2005 at a global production level of about 26Gb/year = 71mbd. This was substantially in error because the world is currently producing about 85mbd.

Now let's contrast this with Laherrere's most recent 2006 chart (referenced in the previous entry):

What a difference 8 years makes, eh? In the new chart, conventional + unconventional tops out around the year 2020 at 92mbd. Interestingly, Laherrere not only includes the likely case (unconventional = 1Tb) but also an "unlikely" case (unconventional = 2Tb). This is clearly a hedge. If 2Tb was truly unlikely, why even put it in the chart? It's almost as though he's toying with possibility of an unexpectedly large flow of unconventional oil.

Now compare Laherrere's new chart with this chart from a 2000 paper* by Peter Odell:

Isn't that resemblance striking? Laherrere starts out in 1998 with no secondary unconventional hump. In 2006, he commits to a little mini-hump (the purple dashed line indicating 1Tb of unconventional). But, at the same time, he hedges his bets with an "unlikely" full-size secondary hump (the orange dotted line indicating 2Tb of unconventional). And this "unlikely" hump sits side-by-side with the conventional hump, just like in Odell's 2000 paper! Laherrere seems to be slowly inching his way into the chilly waters of cornucopianism.

------
*) This paper "The Global Energy Market in the Long Term: The Continuing Dominance of Affordable Non-Renewable Resources" has been removed by the site which formerly hosted it, and can only be found now in the Google cache. If you're interested, you should download it before it disappears. It is located here.

Anybody please explain me that...

The crude oil futures at Nymex (light sweet AFAIK) is currently $69.32

At IPE it is $70.57 - a 2% difference! Since I started following the oil prices it has always been exactly the opposite - this tendency has been going for weeks now. It looks like there is a oil glut in US and an oil shortage in Europe... At the same time we are importing growing amounts of finished products from Europe... any comments?

http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities/energyprices.html

After the hurricanes we were importing oil products like gasoline from Europe. Now they are restocking their reserves?
You're comparing the June Brent contract to the May WTI contract, and oil futures are in contango.  When you compare Brent and WTI contracts with the same expiration date, the difference has certainly narrowed.  I recall Brent actually trading at a premium to WTI recently, but today June WTI settled at $70.82 and June Brent settled at $70.57.
Screwed up spelling award of the year -

George has to still be pissed over Chavez showing him up by aiding poor folks in the cold regions of the United States with sidsubized heating fuel supplies.

Hugo Chavez has indeed become the Roadrunner to Bush's Wilily Cayote. No matter how hard he tries, Bush  just can't catch him, and he usually makes a fool out of himself in trying.

These latest military 'exercises' in the Carrribean only illustrate the point. The more the US engages in this infantile saber-ratttling and intimidation,  the stronger Chavez gets with his base, which appears to be not the employees of Petroleos de Venezuela but rather what could be accurately described as  the 'wretched of the earth'.

Like all revolutionaries, Chavez probably has already sown the seeds of his own destruction. But I don't think it will come from a US-backed coupe. Rather, from rival factions within his own government.

Still, Chavez appears to be the heir-apparent to Castro's role as Latin American bad-boy.

I predict the US will screw up this situation, too.

For years Chavez has been well known as a "hawk" on OPEC pricing (an advocate for higher oil pricing within OPEC).
So to the extent that he had influence, and I assume he had some as a significant producer within OPEC, he has for years contributed to higher pricing of oil to "poor folks" worldwide. Surely the subsidies this winter were only a very small percentage of what Venezuela has brought in due to his price hawkishness over the years.  But this stunt did manage to get him some good publicity among the poorly informed.
Surely all western governments now know
that the high energy consumption, high
resource consumption lifestyle is not only
unsustanable, but is certain to come to an
end fairly soon. The denial of reality that
characterises political and economic
statements are surely simple propaganda to
keep the masses in a state of complacency
until the system crashes.

No government will actually speak the truth
on the crucial matters of energy consumption
and global warming, because the truth is
nothing short of dire. We all know that the
population of the planet is around  4 times
what it can sustainably support, that western
nations need to reduce their per capita energy
consumption by around 80%, that there is a
growing fresh water crisis, that the oceans
are being stripped of fish, that global
warming is threatening plankton and coral at
the base of the ocean food chain, that glaciers
are melting at unprecedented rates, that
substantial sea level rise is inevitable.    

Hence, western governments spend their time
discussing expansion of trade, negotiating
'freeing' the skies for more aircraft
movements, construction of more runways for
'anticipated growth' in tourism, selection
of the next venue for the Olympic Games,
rebuilding New Orleans, the 'hydrogen economy',
biodiesel and all the other fantasies that can
keep the public's confidence in the ability
of the system to survive at a high level, and
keep their minds distracted from real events.
Meanwhile, energy supply gets closer to the
precipice and the collapse of the environment
accelerates.  

Now that is a fine post. Nominate for post of the week, if there were such a thing.
It was a great post but mistaken in one important regard:

'we all know' these things.....

TOD and other energy and environmental portals are a self-selected group. 90% of people (at least) know nothing of limits. You think people studying for real estate brokers liscenses in Phoenix are aware of coral reef bleaching or logistic oil curves?

via the "Indicators" chart to the left on the following page,

http://www.kitco.com/market/

crude has hit as high as $71.05 today (as of approx. 3:17 pm, CST - it was $69.32, I believe, at the close of NYMEX); it has gone down some from that high point since then, and will no doubt settle below $70 once again shortly, but that is now the highest since Katrina... it not only went past $70, but past $71...

Futures for the month of May have not yet hit $70.

You are looking at June futures.

OT:

Several of us were discussing our tax refund numbers at work today (this being the season), and we've all noticed that our refunds were larger than we planned on.  Was there a change to the withholding tables this year, or was it perhaps an anomaly with my company?  If so, doesn't this represent a rather large interest-free loan to the US government?

I just finished my taxes tonight. (Early, for me.  I usually wait until the last minute.  Since I always owe money - I don't want to give Uncle Sam an interest-free loan - I'm in no rush to file.)

I ended up owing more than I expected.  I think my withholdings were actually lower this year, though it may have been a fluke of the calendar rather than a change in the withholding tables.  

My bailing out of the stock market last summer, short-term gains and all, probably didn't help...

Some of my current (depressing) thoughts.

First, the tone here on TOD (to which I have contributed myself) is becoming much doomier and gloomier than when I first started posting on this site perhaps a year ago. I have been attending the University of Colorado's Conference on World Affairs this week. The theme of the conference is Outside the Comfort Zone. Many knowledgeable people have presented their thoughts.

These pending crises have been seriously discussed and seem probable to the analysts who spoke.

  • Unsustainable domestic and trade deficits
  • The crash of the dollar
  • Our inability to solve the foreign oil dependency problem
  • The dangers of the situation with Iran
  • The disaster in Iraq
  • The terrible indebted future for the young and future generations
  • The collapse of so-called entitlement programs like Social Security
  • Factors listed just above contributing to the coming financial "tsunami" ie. the coming Depression
  • The last two stolen elections and lack of transparency in the democratic process
  • The "kleptocracy" that now rules the nation
There's more but I'll stop there. The point being, there is no good news. If peak oil doesn't get us (which IMHO, it will), there are other forces at work which will. These are mostly related to unsustainable debt. The state of the debt is exacerbated by the amount of savings that US households have--which is on average approximately zero.

Furthermore, I have talked to highly respected and well-placed policy wonks who say that the list I gave above is a reasonable analysis of the situation. They are saying, in a calm voice, that we are going down, folks. Considering energy, it amounts to increasing debt in a shrinking economy. This is called bankruptcy, not just for General Motors, I'm talking about the United States.

And I see this more and more reflected in the discussions on TOD. Since we try at this website to integrate all the variables affecting energy and, furthermore, we see that the signal is bad in each and every case, I find myself coming to the conclusion that selling my house right now and reducing my debt is exactly the right thing to do (even as I hate to have to do it). I'm sorry but this is all really overwhelming for me. It's one thing to talk about all this in the abstract. It's quite another to experience it and know that the future is bleak. I know many of you talk about it very seriously, but really, survival is the issue. I suppose I can fall back on Keynes who said (paraphrase) in the end we're all dead. But when I grew up in the 50's and 60's, I thought that was the normal world and certainly bought into the idea of progress in my life after that. But that's not reality. Instead of progress, we are looking at regression. Maybe it's time to get spiritual or, if you or I can not do that, at least philosophical about things we can do little to change. I'm a science guy. A good plotted function tells me what I want to know. And what I'm seeing points to bankruptcy in a fairly short timeframe.

best to all, Dave

Meanwhile, I cannot wait for my father to get back on his feet so I can return to my disaster zone.

80% of homes destroyed, lives rent asunder and in turmoil, uncertainity in MANY dimensions (one certainity, Bush was lying through his teeth in Jackson Square).

Personal risks, also is several dimensions.

The difference between us ?

Perhaps I am more focused on others and the "Greater Good".

Perhaps I will be one of the maintenance workers in the basement of World Trade Center Towers, struggling to get power back to the escalators and elevators.  If so, so be it.

There is comfort in knowing that I am not alone.

Dave,
I agree with you in many respects, but keep in mind that for every 'smart policy wonk' youve talked to, there is another smart policy wonk who disagrees and thinks the dollar will go higher and things will be fine. If that werent the case the dollar would have already collapsed.

As bad as things could get, I assure you, there are positive externalities and silver linings that TOD readers/posters cant envision as of yet. I have recently been part of something organic organized and developed by 3 people that I wouldnt have thought possible - humans, when properly motivated and working together can overcome amazing obstacles, even in the face of declining energy per capita.

Dave, I empathise with you. I started to recognise
that things were on the wrong track around 1980,
but of course was shouted down by the 'let's
deregulate everything brigade'. By the late 1990s
it was clear to me that society being driven
toward catastrophe, but most people had been
'bought' by the trinkets of consumerism and
didn't want to know about global warming or
resource depetion. By 2004 I was 'screaming
at the top of my voice about global warming
and resource depletion, but those around me
were firmly in a state of denial. Now that
the wheels are close to falling off, there
is a huge misinforamtion campaign devoted
to promoting non-solutions, so the general
public is still largely oblivious of
reality...  just a few days ago a fairly
senior person involved in transport planning
acknowldeged that gobal warming is a problem,
but suggested that 'clean burning coal'
would help!!!

So now I am at the point of giving up tryng
to wake the sleepwalkers who are headed for
the precipice and am devoting most of my time
to strategies for personal survival.

There is no question that the standard of
living peaked between 1955 and 1985
(depending on location) and that we are
slipping downwards. As I have mentioned
before, the Genuine Progress Index
highlights the fact that society peaked
a number of years ago, which is why the
powers that be won't have a bar of GPI
and continue to promote GDP.

The crucial point is, financial collaspe
is survivable (consider Korea or
Argentina). Even energy collapse is to a
degree suvivable. Environmental collapse
is not survivable, however.

But courtesy of our so-called leaders,
we face financial collapse, energy
collapse and environmental collapse,
essentially all at the same time.
Surely that is a perfect storm.  

The solution is to stop looking at energy,
financial and environmental information
and spend ones free time following the
antics of golf players, footballers, film
stars etc. and become one of the sleepwalkers
headed for the precipice, oblivious that the
next footstep may be into thin air.      

Nowhere to go from here but up!

Just kidding.  I think the key thing is that while all of those problems exist, it might be an echo-chamber thing to think they all have to crash at the same time.  They don't have to.  Basically, if there was some sort of rule that deficits and mismanagement bring crashes, it would have happened already.

I think maybe the echo-chamber gloom works because it is easier to visualize all that hitting the fan at once, and harder to think about them happening in a random order (with some not happening at all).

I honestly think this is a somewhat typical human failure of probabilities and prediction.  We cannot see what will happen, and so it is tempting to visualize that all the bad stuff will.

Dave,

Take heart.

There is hope, and the fact that more people are recognizing the problem means there will be more willing minds and bodies trying to fix things.  The future the experts point to is one possible future.  It doesn't have to unwind in the worst possible way.  An ounce of prevention can go a long way in mitigating an energy crisis.

I also went through all the stages of grief learning that our easy lifestyle is coming to and end because of peak oil and our impact on the climate.  I'm in acceptance now.  But not everything will collapse instantly.  There will be transition periods and people will still need houses to live in.  Even a cold house without lights is better than being outside in the winter.

Working towards sustainability and low/no debt means you will be way ahead of most people.  Ultimately the cruel fact is that everything is reletive, and if you are way more prepared than your neighbors you will make the transition in reletively good shape compared to them.  You can't sacrifice everything you deem important to help society as a whole.

Figure out what you can't live without and determine how to hold onto it.  What things could you give up and still be okay with?  What things would you regret giviong up?

For me it is my family and my house/grounds.  I don't want a new wife and I don't want to live someplace else.  Pretty much everything thing else is luxuries I can do without.  If need be we will add more people into the same living space, do cooperative arrangements on money and supplies but the area I live, because of the physical soundness of the structure, are worth holding onto.  I could give up the cars (with all their expenses) toys, eating out, and still have a high quality of life.

I agree with you that life is probably going to be a lot simpler and physically harder for all of us.  But maybe that won't be such a bad thing if we have the right mindset going in.

Take care.

NC.

I'll quote myself from my own writings elsewhere:

"There's a huge psychological tipping point that many people fear to cross when discussing peak oil. That point comes when you realize that, if you are going to plan for a future of any kind, you must choose between believing that the "system" (good and bad, all of it) will survive or not survive. When I say "system", I do not mean anything necessarily derogatory but rather that our entire modern world is a system that must function in order for us to live within its boundaries, to reap its benefits, and to suffer its limitations whatever they may be. If you believe that this system will survive the coming of peak oil and remain mostly intact, any plans you make would be colored by this assumption. But if you believed the system would not survive, your plans would undoubtedly be different."

And it's not just peak oil, it's the entire array of issues facing the "system" as a whole. It just doesn't look to me like it can stay on the tracks much longer.

Once you come to a conclusion, you have to decide if you can do anything about it. For far too many people, life is paycheck to paycheck and they can't make gigantic changes. They are trapped within the system even as it careens towards what appears to be a terrible end. But if you can get out, at least in some degree, then that might be a wise choice. Just be careful and remember who the meanest predator on the planet is and why.

4/10/2006: Jorge Hirsch, UCSD Physicist and analyst on Iran and nuclear weapons, offers a very well-argued commentary on ZNet saying that Seymour Hersh is right, the song-and-dance with the UN is just some necessary bureaucratic paper-shuffling. He also states the following:

"If there is an aerial bombing of Iran, I believe it is inevitable it will go nuclear. The intention is there, the advisors are there, the nuclear policies and the weapons are there. The excuses to make it "acceptable" to the American public are there. The President has sole authority to order the use of nuclear weapons, Congress has no say. The chain of command doesn't go through the Joint Chiefs of Staff that may oppose it as Hersh mentions: it goes directly from Bush and Rumsfeld to commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands such as Gen. Abizaid and Gen. Cartwright. Unless those individuals disobey orders, there is no way to stop it.
I believe there is a high probability of war with Iran because key people in the administration desperately want it, but I don't believe it is inevitable. I hope there will be a sufficiently large public outburst of opposition, eg thanks to Hersh's and other's revelations, to make it impossible....However I believe there is very little time: an attack may well happen within the next 2 weeks, while Congress is in recess. There is no advantage to those that want it to happen in waiting."

Cherenkov,

The Hersh article is so yesterday, man. Get with it. We are already wrapping up Salisbury's Rademaker quote. Too bad, Rademaker was such a great name for your purposes.

Love,
Margaret Thatcher aka "V"

Think we need a new thread here, fellas.
Jerome a Paris has another diary about commodities prices:

http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/4/13/144817/372

...I think that the financial bubble will burst, not deflate, and that we will have a nasty economic crisis on our hands - and yet I don't think that'll be enough to slow down commodity price hikes.
Definitely like his style. Technically proficient. Question? Jerome a Paris is his nom de guerre - Jerome in Paris, or is "a Paris" some new funky kind of last name we Greeks aren't in on yet?
He really is in Paris.  He is some kind of financial type.  Economist?  Financial analyst?  Something like that.
See. That's a perfect 30 minutes.

Next question. In 3 parts. Isn't everything dependent on hardware(namely software)? Is it realistic to think that software can move any faster then the hardware it depends on?
(This one is optional) Which is more important - hardware or software?

Quick. Answer before the vultures see this.

Dunno why you're asking me; I'm not a computer scientist.  

I would say hardware is more important than many people realize.  Hence all those companies getting suckers to pay for software that supposedly speeds up their computers or Internet connections.  

See.You answered all three questions perfectly in two sentences. Answers were correct and it probably took you under 20 seconds to formulate that response. You never fail to astound. That is why I trust you.

But I need some personal advice. Should I take some time off? Like go away? Maybe for awhile? Or maybe forever?

I am definitely not a psychologist.  

But if you're finding this place a downer, you might do well to spend less time here.  There have been several studies that suggest Internet use can lead to depression.  And that was probably normal people, not ones who expect TEOTWAWKI in a few months or years.  ;-)

I know you are not a psychologist, but until one arrives you will have to do. That's why I specified that I trust you.

I'm speaking as Jack Bauer now. I need you to give me an answer. Should I take some time off, or am I good to go? I take full responsibility for your answer.

Sorry, I don't understand the reference.  Google tells me it's a TV thing?  Don't watch much TV, except for news and sports.  
You are good. There's no doubt about that.
Leanan, are you there?
Brent oil price smashes through 70 dollars

The price of Brent North Sea crude oil broke through 70.00 dollars per barrel for the first time on supply concerns fuelled by tensions over Iran and falling stocks of US gasoline.

The price of Brent crude for June delivery jumped 34 cents to reach 70.20 dollars per barrel at 16:45 GMT.

It later stood at 70.08, marking a rise of 22 cents from Wednesday closing price.

Joseph,

Using the example you just illustrated,

"Ok, I'll grant you that you can use your original 10 BTU's of energy to make 100 BTU's of crude oil.  But then the same question remains: turn it into gasoline, or into ethanol.  You can make 90 BTU's of gasoline or 134 BTU's of ethanol.  This also gets cyclic (I use my 100 BTU's to make 1000 Btu's of oil, etc). "

Once we have the 100 BTUs in oil, we only USE 10 of it to refine it into gasoline (not all of it). Alternatively, that 10 would give you another 13.4 BTUS of ethanol, not 134.

Alternatively lets start all over (and by the way, the numbers RR used are conservative for oil and aggressive for ethanol).

We start with 20 BTUs of oil (or NG or coal - but lets keep it constant for simplicity)

Lets save 10 BTUS of that oil because we know we will need to refine the new oil we find and then extract from the ground. So we use this first 10 to produce 100 BTUs of heavy oil from gulf of mexico. We bring that into Houston refinery and the transportation, refining, distribution then uses up the 10 BTUS that we set aside - we then can distribute 100 net BTUS to society from an investment of 20 BTUs. If we wanted to perpetuate this process, we could set aside 20 BTUS out of this new 100 for the next round, leaving 80 for NASCAR, medical school, prozac production,etc in perpetuity (until were on hubberts downslope of course)

The ethanol plant requires coal for electricity and natural gas for fertilizer and oil for tractors,  and corn to be distilled. If we invest our 20 BTUs into this process, we will (aggressively) produce 26.8 BTUs. (compared to the 100 above). However, if we wanted to repeat the process the next year, we could not give all 26.8 BTUS to society because then we couldnt run the ethanol plant - we could only give 6.8 to society as we would need 20 to repeat the process again.

If looked at in what is left over to society (without accounting for externalities), we have 80 BTUS for society turning energy into crude oil into gasoline and 6.8 for society by turning it into ethanol on equivalent investments of 20.

There are many other factors that make this even worse - a giant scale monoculture being one of them. But again, the message here is that we desperately want a silver bullet answer to declining oil availability - it took millions of years to condense that sunlight - why are we so arrogant to believe we can use 1000 years of sunlight per year (Biologist Geoffrey Dukes) by some mechanized trick of one year of sunlight grown corn combined with technology?